Effects of the chronic restraint stress induced depression on reward-related learning in rats.
Abstract
Chronic mild or unpredictability stress produces a persistent depressive-like state. The main symptoms of depression include weight loss, despair, anhedonia, diminished motivation and mild cognition impairment, which could influence the ability of reward-related learning. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic restraint stress on the performance of reward-related learning of rats. We used the exposure of repeated restraint stress (6h/day, for 28days) to induce depression-like behavior in rats. Then designed tasks including Pavlovian conditioning (magazine head entries), acquisition and maintenance of instrumental conditioning (lever pressing) and goal directed learning (higher fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement) to study the effects of chronic restraint stress. The results indicated that chronic restraint stress influenced rats in those aspects including the acquisition of a Pavlovian stimulus-outcome (S-O) association, the formation and maintenance of action-outcome (A-O) causal relation and the ability of learning in higher fixed ratio schedule. In conclusion, depression could influence the performances in reward-related learning obviously and the series of instrumental learning tasks may have potential as a method to evaluate cognitive changes in depression.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Predictable but inevitable stressors, such as confined working or living spaces, are correlated with the onset of depression.
“Mounting evidence has demonstrated the correlation between predictable but inevitable stressors, such as confined working or living spaces, and the onset of depression [4–7].”
From Chronic stress-induced depression requires the recruitment of peripheral Th17 cells into the brain (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
Nerve-immunity network dysfunction generates excessive production of inflammatory components and stimulates glucocorticoid release, both of which contribute to the initiation of MMD.
“According to researches, nerve-immunity network dysfunction generates excessive production of inflammatory components and stimulates glucocorticoid release, both of which contribute to the initiation of MMD [23].”
Cites
Causal Relationship Between Stressful Life Events and the Onset of Major Depression
Kendler, K. S., Karkowski, L. M., & Prescott, C. A. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.6.837 · Cited by 2,486 · cited 1× · see citing works
“It is well known that exposure to chronic stress would induce epression-like symptoms in humans and rodents [7,8].”
BackgroundCognition and Depression: Current Status and Future Directions
Gotlib, I. H., & Joormann, J. (2010) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131305 · Cited by 2,420 · see citing works
The mesolimbic dopamine reward circuit in depression
Nestler, E. J., & Carlezon, W. A. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.09.018 · Cited by 2,059 · see citing works
Neurobehavioural mechanisms of reward and motivation
Robbins, T. W., & Everitt, B. J. (1996) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(96)80077-8 · Cited by 1,187 · see citing works
Chronic mild stress-induced anhedonia: A realistic animal model of depression
Willner, P., Muscat, R., & Papp, M. (1992) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80194-0 · Cited by 1,160 · see citing works
Katz, R. J., Roth, K. A., & Carroll, B. J. (1981) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/0149-7634(81)90005-1 · Cited by 889 · see citing works
Effects of unpredictable chronic mild stress on anxiety and depression-like behavior in mice
Mineur, Y. S., Belzung, C., & Crusio, W. E. (2006) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2006.07.029 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
Heyman, E., Gamelin, F.-X., Goekint, M., Piscitelli, F., Roelands, B., Leclair, E., Di Marzo, V., & Meeusen, R. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.09.017 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Operant Reward Learning in <i>Aplysia</i> : Neuronal Correlates and Mechanisms
Brembs, B., Lorenzetti, F. D., Reyes, F. D., Baxter, D. A., & Byrne, J. H. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1069434 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
The effect of the instrumental training contingency on susceptibility to reinforcer devaluation
Dickinson, A., Nicholas, D. J., & Adams, C. D. (1983) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B · doi:10.1080/14640748308400912 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Stress models of depression: forming genetically vulnerable strains
Henn, F. A., & Vollmayr, B. (2005) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.03.019 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Anhedonia and the Brain Reward Circuitry in Depression
Heshmati, M., & Russo, S. J. (2015) · Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s40473-015-0044-3 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Matthews, K., & Robbins, T. W. (2003) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(03)00008-3 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Models of Depression: Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress in Mice
Nollet, M., Guisquet, A. L., & Belzung, C. (2013) · Current Protocols in Pharmacology · doi:10.1002/0471141755.ph0565s61 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Konkle, A. T. M., Baker, S. L., Kentner, A. C., Barbagallo, L. S.-M., Merali, Z., & Bielajew, C. H. (2003) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2003.08.047 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Kleen, J. K., Sitomer, M. T., Killeen, P. R., & Conrad, C. D. (2006) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.120.4.842 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
What should animal models of depression model?
Frazer, A., & Morilak, D. A. (2005) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.03.006 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Barr, A. M., & Phillips, A. G. (1998) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(98)00060-2 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Behavior strategy learning in rat: effects of lesions of the dorsal striatum or dorsal hippocampus
Compton, D. M. (2004) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2004.06.002 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Olausson, P., Kiraly, D. D., Gourley, S. L., & Taylor, J. R. (2012) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2844-4 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Prefrontal cortical BDNF: A regulatory key in cocaine- and food-reinforced behaviors
Pitts, E. G., Taylor, J. R., & Gourley, S. L. (2016) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2016.02.021 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Behavior strategy learning in rat: effects of lesions of the dorsal striatum or dorsal hippocampus
Compton, D. M. (2004) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/s0376-6357(04)00139-1 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Ishii, H., Ohara, S., Tobler, P. N., Tsutsui, K., & Iijima, T. (2014) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.neures.2014.11.009 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
EFFECTS OF TIME BETWEEN TRIALS ON RATS' AND PIGEONS' CHOICES WITH PROBABILISTIC DELAYED REINFORCERS
Mazur, J., & Biondi, D. R. (2011) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.2011.95-41 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Petykó, Z., Gálosi, R., Tóth, A., Máté, K., Szabó, I., Szabó, I., Karádi, Z., & Lénárd, L. (2015) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.03.034 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Gordon, N., & Goelman, G. (2015) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.09.013 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Shi, Z., Sun, X., Liu, X., Chen, S., Chang, Q., Chen, L., Song, G., & Li, H. (2012) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.07.006 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationRESPONSE ACQUISITION AND FIXED‐RATIO ESCALATION BASED ON INTERRESPONSE TIMES IN RATS
Taylor, T. G., Galuska, C. M., Banna, K. M., et al. (2010) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.2010.93-261 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Chronic stress-induced depression requires the recruitment of peripheral Th17 cells into the brain
Peng, Z., Peng, S., Lin, K., Zhao, B., Wei, L., Tuo, Q., Liao, D., Yuan, T., & Shi, Z. (2022) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-022-02543-6 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, L., Miao, Z., & Xu, X. (2017) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.184 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Wu, Z., Cai, Z., Shi, H., Huang, X., Cai, M., Yuan, K., Huang, P., Shi, G., Yan, T., & Li, Z. (2022) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.204030 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
- Authors
- Xu, P., Wang, K., Lu, C., Dong, L., Chen, Y., Wang, Q., Shi, Z., Yang, Y., Chen, S., & Liu, X.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CN)
- Southwest Medical University (CN)
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Xinmin
- Venue
- Behavioural Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-03
- Volume
- 321
- Pages
- 185-192
- ISSN
- 0166-4328 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2570582456
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 2.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behavioural Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- State Key Development Program of Basic Research of China (2011CB711005)
- Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2012ZX09J12201)
- Youth Training program of General armament department (2015ZZQP020)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- chronic restraint stress, depression, reward learning, classical conditioning, operant conditioning, goal-directed learning, fixed-ratio schedules, anhedonia, motivation, cognitive impairment in depression, animal models of depression
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Chronic Disease, Conditioning, Classical, Conditioning, Operant, Depressive Disorder, Disease Models, Animal, Habituation, Psychophysiologic, Learning Disabilities, Male, Motor Activity, Random Allocation, Restraint, Physical, Reward, Stress, Psychological, Rats, Wistar
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
