Acute and chronic stress effects on open field activity in the rat: Implications for a model of depression
Open accessAbstract
The initial activity of a rat placed in novel surroundings (i.e., open field activity) has been taken as an indicator of its emotional state. We have investigated the effects of immediately antecedent stress upon open field activity in comparison with basal (i.e., unstressed) activity, and additionally, the effects of a history of chronic stress upon the above behavioral patterns. Acute exposure to a non-traumatic, non-debilitating stress (noise and light) consistently increased activity in comparison with basal activity. A history of chronic stress on the other hand reduced basal activity from control levels, and eliminated the activation response to acute stress. This lack of acute activation may bear some resemblance to depression on several grounds. Behaviorally it represents a "refractory loss of interest." Also, chronically stressed rats showed endocrine changes similar to those seen in human depressives. Finally, antidepressant treatment with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline restored the ability of chronically stressed rats to respond actively to stress.
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A rat exposed to constantly shifting but invariably stressful conditions daily will develop something akin to major depression.
“The theory is that a rat exposed to constantly-shifting-but-invariably-stressful conditions on a daily basis will develop something akin to a major depression 11 .”
From Fraudulent studies are undermining the reliability of systematic reviews: on the prevalence of problematic images in preclinical depression studies (2025) · cites this paper as [11]
The Description of Second Factor (page not available) describes varied, unpredictable stressors, but says they were separated by one to two days rather than administered daily. The Abstract and Discussion (pages not available) frame the resulting changes in open-field behavior as a possible model with parallels to clinical depression, not as a demonstration that rats develop major depression. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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- Authors
- Katz, R. J., Roth, K. A., & Carroll, B. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Katz, R.J.
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1981-06
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 247-251
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1987491785
- Cited by
- 889
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 7.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- acute stress, chronic stress, open field behavior, depression model, stress response, endocrine changes, pargyline, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, antidepressant treatment, rats
- MeSH terms
- Acute Disease, Animals, Chronic Disease, Corticosterone, Depression, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Male, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Stress, Physiological, Rats
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