Reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxygen radicals and antioxidants: Where are we now, where is the field going and where should we go?
Abstract
The field of oxygen free radicals, antioxidants and reactive oxygen species (ROS) has exploded in the past few decades, and BBRC has published several seminal papers. ROS can cause oxidative damage, but also play fundamental roles in living organisms, in such processes as signal transduction and defence against pathogens. ROS underpin every aspect of human biology. Indeed, an endless stream of published papers refers to the biological roles of "ROS". Sadly, much of this work is mechanistically meaningless. To make progress, the detailed molecular mechanisms of action of ROS must be elucidated and appropriate methodology must be used to measure them and the oxidative damage that they can cause, as emphasized in a recent review by Murphy et al. Attention must also switch from clinical studies involving administration of high-dose supplements of vitamins E, C and β-carotene for the treatment or prevention of human disease into other promising diet-derived cytoprotective agents. One of them may be ergothioneine.
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Cells have evolved a complex antioxidant system whose concerted action balances oxidative stress.
“Cells have evolved a complex antioxidant system, formed by enzymatic antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutases (SODs), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidases (GPXs), thioredoxin (Trx) as well as low molecular antioxidants, whose concerted action is balancing the level of oxidative stress (Halliwell 2022).”
From Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging (2023) · cites this paper as Halliwell 2022
Large-scale clinical trials proved only limited health benefits of taking antioxidants.
“However, over the years, large-scale clinical trials proved only limited health benefits of taking antioxidants (Halliwell 2022).”
From Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging (2023) · cites this paper as Halliwell 2022
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- Authors
- Halliwell, B.
- Affiliations
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Corresponding author
- Halliwell, Barry
- ORCID
- Halliwell, Barry
- Venue
- Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-12
- Volume
- 633
- Pages
- 17-19
- ISSN
- 0006-291X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4308313960
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 1.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Free Radicals and Antioxidants
- Keywords
- reactive oxygen species, oxygen free radicals, antioxidants, oxidative damage, signal transduction, pathogen defense, vitamin supplementation, ergothioneine
- MeSH terms
- Antioxidants, Free Radicals, Humans, Vitamin E, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress
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