Perchlorate, iodine and the thyroid
Open accessAbstract
In pharmacologic doses, perchlorate inhibits thyroidal iodine uptake and subsequently decreases thyroid hormone production. Although pharmacologic doses may be used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism, recent literature has focussed on the detection of low levels of perchlorate in the environment, groundwater and foodstuffs and their potential adverse effects on human thyroid function. This is of particular concern to the developing foetus and infant, whose normal neurodevelopment depends on adequate iodine intake for the production of thyroid hormones. Further research is needed to clarify the potential health effects of low-level chronic environmental perchlorate exposure. The health impact of environmental perchlorate may be dependent upon adequate iodine intake and should be interpreted in combination with other environmental exposures that are also potential thyroidal endocrine disruptors.
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In humans, trace quantities of ClO4 competitively inhibit iodine ions from being taken up in the thyroid gland, resulting in disruption of hormone output which eventually can lead to severe disruption of organ systems.
“In humans, trace quantities of ClO 4 competitively inhibit iodine ions from being taken up in the thyroid gland, resulting in disruption of hormone output which eventually can lead to severe disruption of organ systems (Leung et al., 2010).”
From Cyanobacteria and microalgae in supporting human habitation on Mars (2022) · cites this paper as Leung et al., 2010
The Abstract and “Effects of perchlorate on thyroid function” state that perchlorate competitively inhibits iodide uptake into the thyroid, and that pharmacologic doses decrease thyroid hormone production. The claim overextends this to trace quantities and severe organ-system disruption: the Abstract says the effects of low-level exposure need further study, while “Studies of perchlorate exposure in healthy volunteers” reports no change in thyroid function at doses above typical environmental exposure. (LLM, conf=0.91)
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Recent Advances in Fluorescent Based Chemical Probes for the Detection of Perchlorate Ions
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Perchlorate in Lake Water from an Operating Diamond Mine
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IODINE: THE BIOLOGICAL ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE FOR MEDICAL PRACTICE
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Perchlorate (Irenat®) may falsely lower measured ionised calcium
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- Authors
- Leung, A. M., Pearce, E. N., & Braverman, L. E.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pearce, Elizabeth N.
- Venue
- Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-02
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 133-141
- ISSN
- 1521-690X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4137763
- OpenAlex
- W1965540535
- Cited by
- 152
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 0.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K23HD068552)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Chemical Analysis and Environmental Impact
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Water Treatment and Disinfection
- Keywords
- perchlorate, iodine, thyroid function, thyroid hormone synthesis, hyperthyroidism, groundwater contamination, food contamination, endocrine disruptors
- MeSH terms
- Sodium-Iodide Symporters, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Pollutants, Female, Humans, Iodine, Lactation, Perchlorates, Pregnancy, Antithyroid Agents, Thyroid Gland, Symporters
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