The DOI matches its Crossref record; 99 of the 99 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Perchlorate, iodine and the thyroid
Open accessAbstract
In pharmacologic doses, perchlorate inhibits thyroidal iodine uptake and subsequently decreases thyroid hormone production. Although pharmacologic doses may be used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism, recent literature has focussed on the detection of low levels of perchlorate in the environment, groundwater and foodstuffs and their potential adverse effects on human thyroid function. This is of particular concern to the developing foetus and infant, whose normal neurodevelopment depends on adequate iodine intake for the production of thyroid hormones. Further research is needed to clarify the potential health effects of low-level chronic environmental perchlorate exposure. The health impact of environmental perchlorate may be dependent upon adequate iodine intake and should be interpreted in combination with other environmental exposures that are also potential thyroidal endocrine disruptors.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In humans, trace quantities of ClO 4 competitively inhibit iodine ions from being taken up in the thyroid gland, resulting in disruption of hormone output which eventually can lead to severe disruption of organ systems (Leung et al., 2010).”
From Cyanobacteria and microalgae in supporting human habitation on Mars (2022) · cites this paper as Leung et al., 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Trumbo (2001) · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(01)00078-5 · Cited by 4,852
Haddow, J. E., Palomaki, G. E., Allan, W. C., Williams, J. R., Knight, G. J., Gagnon, J., O'Heir, C. E., Mitchell, M. L., Hermos, R. J., Waisbren, S. E., et al. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199908193410801 · Cited by 2,558
Glinoer, D. (1997) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.18.3.0300 · Cited by 1,364
Cloning and characterization of the thyroid iodide transporter
Dai, G., Levy, O., & Carrasco, N. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/379458a0 · Cited by 1,109
Pop, V. J., Kuijpens, J. L. P., van Baar, A. L., Verkerk, G. J. M., van Son, M. J. M., de Vijlder, J. J. M., Vulsma, T., Wiersinga, W. M., Drexhage, H. A., & Vader, H. L. (1999) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1999.00639.x · Cited by 1,006
The Sodium/Iodide Symporter (NIS): Characterization, Regulation, and Medical Significance
Dohán, O., la Vieja, A. D., Paroder, V., Riedel, C. A., Artani, M., Reed, M. D., Ginter, C. S., & Carrasco, N. (2003) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2001-0029 · Cited by 861
Reference dose (RfD): Description and use in health risk assessments
Barnes, D. G., Dourson, M. L., Dourson, M. L., Preuss, P. W., Barnes, D. G., Bellin, J. S., DeRosa, C. T., Engler, R., Erdreich, L. S., Färber, T. M., et al. (1988) · Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0273-2300(88)90047-5 · Cited by 810
Alexander, E. K., Marqusee, E., Lawrence, J., Jarolim, P., Fischer, G. A., & Larsen, P. R. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa040079 · Cited by 633
Zoeller, R. T., & Rovet, J. (2004) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2004.01243.x · Cited by 605
Maternal thyroid hormones early in pregnancy and fetal brain development
de Escobar, G. M., Obregón, M.-J., & del Rey, F. E. (2004) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2004.03.012 · Cited by 588
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Bazailai, 1966, Fatal complication following use of potassium perchlorate in thyrotoxicosis, Israel Journal of Medical Sciences, 2, 453
- 1998, Environmental protection agency, Federal Register, 63, 10274
- Lamm, 2007, Perchlorate, thiocyanate, and low iodine association not seen with low creatinine-adjusted urine iodine among women of child-bearing age, Thyroid, 17, S51
- Pearce, 2007, Thyroid function is not affected by environmental perchlorate exposure in first trimester pregnant women, Thyroid, 17, S42
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–152 of 152
Knust, K. S., & Leung, A. M. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802168-2.00011-7 · Cited by 6
Self-citationLi, B., Li, B., Han, Y., Li, Q., Liang, C., Zhang, S., & Li, W. (2025) · Energy & Environment Nexus · doi:10.48130/een-0025-0007 · Cited by 5
The hidden danger: prolonged exposure to inorganic contaminants and kidney health in adolescents
Xue, X., Zhang, Z., Hun, M., Wen, M., Zhao, M., & He, Q. (2025) · Renal Failure · doi:10.1080/0886022x.2025.2506818 · Cited by 5
Medical treatment of thyrotoxicosis
Scappaticcio, L., Bellastella, G., Maiorino, M. I., Giovanella, L., & Esposito, K. (2021) · The Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.23736/s1824-4785.21.03334-3 · Cited by 5
Responses of microbial community to different concentration of perchlorate in the Qingyi River
Sha, J., Jian-qin, W., Bi, C., Chen, C., Su, Q., Wang, S., Wang, C., & Zhou, Y. (2019) · 3 Biotech · doi:10.1007/s13205-019-2012-1 · Cited by 5
Nirenjen, S., Singh, S. A., Begum, R. F., Arun, E., Vellapandian, C., & Narayanan, J. (2025) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-24-0374 · Cited by 5
Фоменко, И. А. (2021) · Sel skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya · doi:10.15389/agrobiology.2021.6.1172eng · Cited by 4
Li, Y., Wang, H., Zhang, M., Wang, B., Zhu, G., Zhao, X., & Wu, F. (2024) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143511 · Cited by 4
Zhang, L., Peng, Y., Song, Y., Zhang, Y., Qin, Q., Ying, M., Bi, Y., & Yin, P. (2024) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics13010015 · Cited by 4
Environmental Iodine Uptake Inhibitors
Pearce, E. N., & Braverman, L. E. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-49505-7_10 · Cited by 4
Self-citationSalivary Bioscience and Environmental Exposure Assessment
Panuwet, P., D'Souza, P. E., Phillips, E. R., Ryan, P. B., & Barr, D. B. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-35784-9_15 · Cited by 4
Source and Fate of Perchlorate in the Environment: A Grave Concern for World
Sahu, P. (2020) · Springer transactions in civil and environmental engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-4599-3_6 · Cited by 4
Inhibition of perchlorate biodegradation by ferric and ferrous iron
Levakov, I., Han, J., Ronen, Z., & Dahan, O. (2020) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124555 · Cited by 4
Applications of ion chromatography in food analysis
Muntean, E. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15369-3.00013-4 · Cited by 4
Žabenský, B., Bodor, R., Makata, D., Szücs, R., & Masár, M. (2022) · Journal of Separation Science · doi:10.1002/jssc.202200188 · Cited by 4
Nanothermites: Developments and Future Perspectives
Fahd, A., Dubois, C., & Chaouki, J. (2023) · doi:10.1002/9783527835348.ch8 · Cited by 4
Bahrani‐Pour, M., Beheshti, A., Sedaghat, T., Samiee, S., Soleymani-Babadi, S., Shakeri, F., Janczak, J., & Parisi, E. (2025) · CrystEngComm · doi:10.1039/d5ce00275c · Cited by 3
Isolation, Characterization and Kinetics of Perchlorate ReducingMagnetospirillumSpecies
Jacob, J. J., Sannigrahi, S., Jayasri, M. A., & Suthindhiran, K. (2017) · Geomicrobiology Journal · doi:10.1080/01490451.2017.1338796 · Cited by 3
Sun, L., Fu, B., Tang, X., Li, F., Liang, X., Wu, Z., Guo, L., Liu, C., & Lu, S. (2025) · Journal of Food Composition and Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2025.108579 · Cited by 2
Fakhri, Y., Dehghani, S., Sahlabadi, F., & Torabbeigi, M. (2026) · International Journal of Environmental Health Research · doi:10.1080/09603123.2026.2614977 · Cited by 2
Microbial Perchlorate Reduction in Groundwater with Different Electron Donors
Wang, R., Chen, M., Zhang, J., Liu, F., & Chen, H. H. (2013) · Applied Mechanics and Materials · doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.1402 · Cited by 2
Rosol, T. J., Braendli-Baiocco, A., Hoenerhoff, M. J., & Vahle, J. L. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821046-8.00002-5 · Cited by 4
Hypothyroidism among former workers of a nuclear weapons facility
Leavey, A., Frank, A. L., Pinson, B., Shepherd, S., & Burstyn, I. (2011) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.20979 · Cited by 2
Latrofa, F., & Vitti, P. (2012) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b12117-3 · Cited by 2
ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ БЕЛКОВОГО КОНЦЕНТРА ИЗ ДРОЖЖЕВОЙ БИОМАССЫ Kluyveromyces marxianus Van der Walt (1965)
производств, Ф. В. М. Г. У. П., & ФОМЕНКО, И. А. (2021) · Sel skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya · doi:10.15389/agrobiology.2021.6.1172rus · Cited by 3
Impacts of co-contaminants and dilution on perchlorate biodegradation using various carbon sources
Saedi, Y., Batista, J. R., Britto, R., & Grady, D. (2023) · Biodegradation · doi:10.1007/s10532-022-10013-2 · Cited by 2
Forkin, K. T., Huffmyer, J. L., & Nemergut, E. C. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-48110-6.00035-1 · Cited by 2
Karimi, G., & Rezaee, R. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386454-3.00586-8 · Cited by 2
A New Hope for All-Diamond Electrodes? The Interdigitated Double Diamond Electrode
Zulla, M., Messerschmidt, C., Ghanem, H., Bähr, J., Hegemann, L., & Rosiwal, S. M. (2025) · Electrochem · doi:10.3390/electrochem6040041 · Cited by 1
Yılmaz, G. G., & Destanoğlu, O. (2016) · Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A Chemistry · doi:10.18596/jotcsa.287340 · Cited by 1
Huffmyer, J. L., & Nemergut, E. C. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-1679-5.00030-2 · Cited by 1
Therapeutic plasma exchange for Graves’ disease in pregnancy
Lumchee, M., Yue, M., Laurie, J. G., & Morton, A. (2021) · Obstetric Medicine · doi:10.1177/1753495x211031328 · Cited by 1
Chandra, A. K., Mahapatra, D., & Chakraborty, A. (2022) · INDIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND ALLIED SCIENCES · doi:10.55184/ijpas.v74i3.45 · Cited by 1
Perchlorate Reduction by Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria
Boles, A. R. (2011) · ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst) · doi:10.7275/d6jq-1e86 · Cited by 1
Liu, Y. (2017) · UWSpace (University of Waterloo)
The Halogen-Oxyanion Derivatives as Contaminants of Concern in Water
Alfred, M. O., Koko, D. T., Hosseini–Bandegharaei, A., Motheo, A. D. J., & Unuabonah, E. I. (2021) · Environmental contamination remediation and management · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-70757-6_10
AMIODARONE INDUCED THYROTOXICOSIS - REVIEW OF TREATMENT
Sutrisna, E. (2021) · Journal of Bio Innovation · doi:10.46344/jbino.2021.v10i2b.04
Hyperthyreose: Ursachen, Diagnostik, Behandlung
Grußendorf, M. (2021) · MMW - Fortschritte der Medizin · doi:10.1007/s15006-021-0261-5
Lafontaine, E., & Comet, M. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119329947.biblio
Eisnor, D. L. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824315-2.00944-1
Keaney, D., Yallapragada, V. V. B., O’Faoláin, L., Devarapu, G. C. R., Finn, K., & Lucey, B. (2024) · Challenges · doi:10.3390/challe15010004
Leyva-Morales, J. B., Calderón, R., Garcı́a-Hernández, J., Palma, P., Bastidas-Bastidas, P. D. J., Zambrano-Soria, M., Olmeda-Rubio, C., Romo-Gómez, C., Sandoval, O. A. A., & Camacho-López, C. (2024) · Revista Bio Ciencias · doi:10.15741/revbio.11.e1766
He, J., Deng, F., Zhou, H., Yuan, J., Zhang, L., & Tan, L. (2024) · Exposure and Health · doi:10.1007/s12403-024-00687-9
Feng, Y., Chen, X., Zhang, Z., Yang, H., Liu, Y., Dong, L., Bu, L., Zhou, S., Qin, H., & Guan, X. (2026) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.141588
Zhang, Z., Su, Z., Huang, Y., Xi, Y., Xu, W., Zhang, C., & Li, X. (2026) · Coordination Chemistry Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2026.217745
The clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris : a model species to study the metamorphosis of coral reef
Roux, N. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/df0ee706z135bz40b1zaac1zd8511c590fb4
Greco, A., Coperchini, F., Franchi, E., Denegri, M., Croce, L., Teliti, M., Marotta, V., Magri, F., Marco, G. D., Ferrarini, E., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1787679
Michalak, M., Fumery, M., Bach, V., & Gay‐Queheillard, J. (2026) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.182070
Du, A., Hua, L., Zhu, Z., Cheng, R., Meng, Y., & Lu, Z. (2026) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.151401
Tamraz, M., Nasr, R., & Temraz, S. N. (2026) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics14100921
Li, P., Huang, Z., Yang, F., & Liu, T. (2026) · Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances · doi:10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101690
Fine and ultrafine Martian dust presents additional risks for future crewed missions to Mars
VanBommel, S. J. V., Knight, A. L., Harrington, A. D., Do, S., Herd, C. D. K., Liu, Y., Berger, J. A., Clark, B. C., Connell, S. A., Elam, W. T., et al. (2026) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2620747123
Metadata
- Authors
- Leung, A. M., Pearce, E. N., & Braverman, L. E.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pearce, Elizabeth N.
- Venue
- Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-02
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 133-141
- ISSN
- 1521-690X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4137763
- OpenAlex
- W1965540535
- Cited by
- 152
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 0.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K23HD068552)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Chemical Analysis and Environmental Impact
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Water Treatment and Disinfection
- Keywords
- perchlorate, iodine, thyroid function, thyroid hormone synthesis, hyperthyroidism, groundwater contamination, food contamination, endocrine disruptors
- MeSH terms
- Sodium-Iodide Symporters, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Pollutants, Female, Humans, Iodine, Lactation, Perchlorates, Pregnancy, Antithyroid Agents, Thyroid Gland, Symporters
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
