Pain management in musculoskeletal conditions
Abstract
This chapter describes a biopsychosocial model of pain and the way in which it can provide a basis for the assessment of pain and the use of non-pharmacological pain management strategies. Various non-pharmacological interventions for musculoskeletal pain are described and evaluated. These include physical, psychological and social/environmental interventions. Given the often complex nature of patients presenting with persisting pain, it is not surprising that single-modality treatments are rarely sufficient on their own, and combinations of interventions offer advantages, on theoretical grounds at least. However, a number of challenges facing clinicians and researchers in applying these methods, especially when done alongside invasive and/or pharmacological interventions, remains to be fully addressed. These challenges have implications for the roles of clinicians from all disciplines, as well as for their patients and the community at large.
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IPR is based on a biopsychosocial model of chronic pain that includes somatic, psychological, environmental and personality aspects.
“IPR is based on a biopsychosocial model of chronic pain that includes somatic, psychological, environmental and personality aspects.7–9”
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Acupuncture in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain
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- Authors
- Nicholas, M. K.
- Affiliations
- Royal North Shore Hospital (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Nicholas, Michael K.
- ORCID
- Nicholas, Michael K.
- Venue
- Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-06
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 451-470
- ISSN
- 1521-6942 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2125655932
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 123
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 0.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Keywords
- pain management, musculoskeletal pain, biopsychosocial model of pain, pain assessment, non-pharmacological treatment, physiotherapy, psychological intervention, multimodal therapy, chronic pain
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Musculoskeletal Diseases, Pain, Pain Measurement, Psychotherapy, Pain Management
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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