The DOI matches its Crossref record; 207 of the 210 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The dsRNA protein kinase PKR: Virus and cell control
Abstract
The IFN-induced double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is one of the four mammalian serine-threonine kinases (the three others being HRI, GCN2 and PERK) that phosphorylate the eIF2 alpha translation initiation factor, in response to stress signals, mainly as a result of viral infections. eIF2 alpha phosphorylation results in arrest of translation of both cellular and viral mRNAs, an efficient way to inhibit virus replication. The particularity of PKR is to activate by binding to dsRNA through two N terminal dsRNA binding motifs (dsRBM). PKR activation during a viral infection represents a threat for several viruses, which have therefore evolved to express PKR inhibitors, such as the Vaccinia E3L and K3L proteins. The function of PKR can also be regulated by cellular proteins, either positively (RAX/PACT; Mda7) or negatively (p58IPK, TRBP, nucleophosmin, Hsp90/70). PKR can provoke apoptosis, in part through its ability to control protein translation, but the situation appears to be more complex, as NF-kappaB, ATF-3 and p53 have also been implicated. PKR-induced apoptosis involves mainly the FADD/caspase 8 pathway, while the mitochondrial APAF/caspase 9 pathway is also engaged. As a consequence of the effects of PKR on translation, transcription and apoptosis, PKR can function to control cell growth and cell differentiation, and its activity can be controlled by the action of several oncogenes.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A study demonstrating that influenza virus infection was lethal in mice lacking the NK cell-activating receptor NCR1 suggests that NK cells are indeed crucial for protection against respiratory virus infections (78).”
From The airway epithelium: soldier in the fight against respiratory viruses (2011) · cites this paper as [78]
Citations
Cites
NF-κB AND REL PROTEINS: Evolutionarily Conserved Mediators of Immune Responses
Ghosh, S., May, M. J., & Kopp, E. B. (1998) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.16.1.225 · Cited by 5,182
HOW CELLS RESPOND TO INTERFERONS
Stark, G. R., Kerr, I. M., Williams, B. R. G., Silverman, R. H., & Schreiber, R. D. (1998) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.227 · Cited by 3,932
Missing Pieces in the NF-κB Puzzle
Ghosh, S., & Karin, M. (2002) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00703-1 · Cited by 3,638
Cytoplasmic Nucleophosmin in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia with a Normal Karyotype
Falini, B., Mecucci, C., Tiacci, E., Alcalay, M., Rosati, R., Pasqualucci, L., La Starza, R., Diverio, D., Colombo, E., Santucci, A., et al. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa041974 · Cited by 1,892
Interferons, interferon‐like cytokines, and their receptors
Pestka, S., Krause, C. D., & Walter, M. R. (2004) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.00204.x · Cited by 1,845
Rel/NF-kappa B/I kappa B family: intimate tales of association and dissociation.Preprint
Verma, I. M., Stevenson, J. K., Schwarz, E. M., Antwerp, D. V., & Miyamoto, S. (1995) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.9.22.2723 · Cited by 1,696
Yamaoka, S., Courtois, G., Chable-Bessia, C., Whiteside, S. T., Weil, R., Agou, F., Kirk, H., Kay, R. J., & Israël, A. (1998) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81466-x · Cited by 1,077
TRANSLATIONAL CONTROL IN MAMMALIAN CELLS
Hershey, J. W. B. (1991) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.60.070191.003441 · Cited by 1,029
MEURS, E. F., Chong, K. L., GALABRU, J., Thomas, N. S. B., Kerr, I. M., Williams, B. R. G., & Hovanessian, A. G. (1990) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90374-n · Cited by 1,017
Self-citationEnomoto, N., Sakuma, I., Asahina, Y., Kurosaki, M., Murakami, T., Yamamoto, C., Ogura, Y., Izumi, N., Marumo, F., & Sato, C. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199601113340203 · Cited by 997
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 210 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–645 of 645
Effect of CLN3-loss-of-function on cellular metabolism and signalling
Więciorek-Płuciennik, K. (2022) · eDiss (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) · doi:10.53846/goediss-9277
An RNAi screen reveals common host-virus gene signatures: implication for anti-viral drug discoveryPreprint
Shum, D., Bhinder, B., Mahida, J. P., Radu, C., Calder, P. A., & Djaballah, H. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.07.12.496853
Lok, J. B., Veloz, M. F. G., & Agarwal, K. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-98368-6.00017-3
Interaction between Stress Granules and Retroviruses
吴, 夏. (2023) · Hans Journal of Biomedicine · doi:10.12677/hjbm.2023.132014
Hotani, T., Nakagawa, K., Tsukamoto, T., Mizuguchi, H., & Sakurai, F. (2023) · Inflammation · doi:10.1007/s10753-023-01881-8
Cheng, W., Lee, X.-Z., Lai, M. S., Ho, J. Y. S., & Chang, R. C. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.10.10.561630
The Role of eIF2B Localisation in Cell-specific Stress Responses
Hanson, F. M. (2023) · Sheffield Hallam University · doi:10.7190/shu-thesis-00555
The α C helix is a central regulator of PKR activationPreprint
Feinstein, A. G., Cole, J. L., & May, E. R. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.04.30.591909
Immune Responses to mRNA Vaccine
Exposito, J., Monge, C., Arruda, D. C., & Verrier, B. (2024) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527838394.ch2
Mechanism of counterattack against eIF2α kinase immune signalling by viral pseudo-kinase PK2Preprint
Takeshita, D., & Takagi, Y. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.02.05.636571
APOBEC3B Promotes SARS-CoV-2 Through Activation of PKR/eIF2⍺ and AMPD2 Dysregulation
Fixman, B. B., Manjunath, L., Sell, P., Wang, S., Margaryan, T., Qiu, C., Yang, H., Buisson, R., & Chen, X. S. (2025) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v17091176
Cardiovirus-Mediated PKR inhibition results from nucleocytoplasmic trafficking disruption
Milcamps, R., Lizcano-Perret, B., Wavreil, F., Lebrun, M., Aloise, C., Vertommen, D., Herinckx, G., van Kuppeveld, F. J. M., Sadzot, C., & Michiels, T. (2025) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1013420
You, Y., Kwon, E. J., Hwang, H.-S., Choi, S.-J., Choi, S. K., & Kim, Y. J. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14954675
You, Y., Kwon, E. J., Hwang, H.-S., Choi, S.-J., Choi, S. K., & Kim, Y. J. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14954669
You, Y., Kwon, E. J., Hwang, H.-S., Choi, S.-J., Choi, S. K., & Kim, Y. J. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14954672
You, Y., Kwon, E. J., Hwang, H.-S., Choi, S.-J., Choi, S. K., & Kim, Y. J. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14954663
You, Y., Kwon, E. J., Hwang, H.-S., Choi, S.-J., Kyung, C. S., & Kim, Y. J. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14954666
You, Y., Kwon, E. J., Hwang, H.-S., Choi, S.-J., Choi, S. K., & Kim, Y. J. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14954660
Lili, N., Liu, T., Lv, Y., Cheng, Y., Yang, M., & Cai, H. (2026) · Chemical Biology & Drug Design · doi:10.1111/cbdd.70242
Bae, Y., Alzara, M. W. A., & Guo, Y. (2026) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/aji.70208
Novak, A. R., Bennett, S. J., & Sherif, A. K. E. (2024) · Bulletin of pioneering researches of medical and clinical science · doi:10.51847/58shqihwk7
Wang, X., Wang, Z., Guo, Y., Niu, S., Liang, R., Cheng, L., Daemi, H. B., & Peng, G. (2026) · Veterinary Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110920
Cláudio, N. (2012) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/9972a2efzcbe1z433fz9834z6d67ea05c8d6
Nguyen, T. H. V. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/71ed80b3z64d4z4985za977z699bbb3e0a05
Involvement of eIF2 in cardiomyocytes response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
PERALTA, C. C. (2023) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/09c9192ez0534z46d9za72cze056e66291cb
Role of human Dicer helicase domain upon viral infection
Baldaccini, M. (2023) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/784a3183zaa60z4105z8bdazca4d777fd878
Rare bi-allelic MEX3B mutations in childhood herpes simplex encephalitis
Kerrouche, N. (2024) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/a1c17eadz8e32z4ae6z8f5dzbe60fed472de
Molecular responses of human retinal pigment epithelial cells to ebolavirus VP24
Ashander, L. M., Ma, Y., Oliver, G. F., Appukuttan, B., Haydinger, C. D., Yeh, S., Marsh, G. A., & Smith, J. R. (2026) · Molecular vision · doi:10.63500/mv_v32_34
Mu, Y., Yan, S., Wang, Y., Liang, B., Tang, R., Yang, H., Ma, L., Zhang, Y., & Li, D. (2026) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.115980
Cellular endogenous double-stranded RNA: From pathophysiology to therapeutic implications
Xin, X., Weng, Y., Gu, J., Wang, J., Liu, J., Zhao, T., & Jin, Z. (2026) · Genes & Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.gendis.2026.102262
Mansour, H. M., & El-Khatib, A. S. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-44173-8.00024-3
Shakhatreh, G., Taha, M. O., & Daoud, S. (2026) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d6ra06850b
Mouzakis, A., Petrakis, V., & Chlichlia, K. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27177962
Neuronal translational control in physiology, infection, and inflammation
Fischbach, F., Grosshans, H. K., Binkle-Ladisch, L., & Friese, M. A. (2026) · Cell chemical biology · doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2026.08.011
ZBP1 Evolution and Antagonism by Large DNA Viruses
Diallo, M., & Maelfait, J. (2026) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2026.170026
Klink, S., Galindo, G., & Stasevich, T. J. (2026) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-5687-7_5
Targeting the Interferon Response for Antiviral Therapy
Robek, M. D. (2014) · ASM Press eBooks · doi:10.1128/9781555815493.ch18
Courtney, S. C. (2022) · Digital Archive @ GSU · doi:10.57709/2374518
Étude de l’activité de Staufen1 dans la régulation traductionnelle de certains ARNm
Dugré-Brisson, S. (2008) · doi:10.71781/31936
Metadata
- Authors
- García, M. A., Meurs, E. F., & Esteban, M.
- Affiliations
- Institut Pasteur (FR)
- ORCID
- Meurs, E.F.
- Venue
- Biochimie
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-06
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 6-7
- Pages
- 799-811
- ISSN
- 0037-9042 (ISSN-L)
- 0300-9084
- OpenAlex
- W2085487477
- Cited by
- 644
- References
- 210
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 58
- FWCI
- 2.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biochimie (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › interferon and immune responses
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Keywords
- PKR, double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase, eIF2α phosphorylation, translational arrest, antiviral innate immunity, interferon signaling, PKR inhibitor, p58IPK, TRBP, nucleophosmin, apoptosis, NF-κB, ATF3, p53, oncogenes, cell growth and differentiation, viral replication inhibition
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antiviral Agents, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Models, Biological, RNA, Messenger, Protein Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction, Gene Expression Regulation, Viral, NF-kappa B, Apoptosis, Protein Structure, Tertiary, eIF-2 Kinase, Amino Acid Motifs, Cell Proliferation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review