The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 59 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Biologic scaffolds composed of central nervous system extracellular matrix
Open accessAbstract
Acellular biologic scaffolds are commonly used to facilitate the constructive remodeling of three of the four traditional tissue types: connective, epithelial, and muscle tissues. However, the application of extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds to neural tissue has been limited, particularly in the central nervous system (CNS) where intrinsic regenerative potential is low. The ability of decellularized liver, lung, muscle, and other tissues to support tissue-specific cell phenotype and function suggests that CNS-derived biologic scaffolds may help to overcome barriers to mammalian CNS repair. A method was developed to create CNS ECM scaffolds from porcine optic nerve, spinal cord, and brain, with decellularization verified against established criteria. CNS ECM scaffolds retained neurosupportive proteins and growth factors and, when tested with the PC12 cell line in vitro, were cytocompatible and stimulated proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Urinary bladder ECM (a non-CNS ECM scaffold) was also cytocompatible and stimulated PC12 proliferation but inhibited migration rather than acting as a chemoattractant over the same concentration range while inducing greater rates of PC12 differentiation compared to CNS ECM. These results suggest that CNS ECM may provide tissue-specific advantages in CNS regenerative medicine applications and that ECM scaffolds in general may aid functional recovery after CNS injury.
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“The resulting scaffolds were demonstrated to regulate the behavior of neuron‐like cells (PC12), including their proliferation, migration, and neural differentiation.[ 177 ]”
From Bioactive scaffolds for tissue engineering: A review of decellularized extracellular matrix applications and innovations (2025) · cites this paper as [177]
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“Moreover, observations revealed that CNS ECM, unlike non‐CNS ECM, exhibited tissue‐specific functionality in PC12 cells.”
From Bioactive scaffolds for tissue engineering: A review of decellularized extracellular matrix applications and innovations (2025) · cites this paper as [177]
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“In the field of neural injury repair, Crapo applied decellularization techniques to various central nervous system (CNS) tissues, such as optic nerves, spinal cords, and brains. The results indicated that the thoroughly decellularized scaffolds preserved bioactive molecules, including myelin, laminin, neuroinductive bFGF, and the neurotrophic protein nerve growth factor.”
From Bioactive scaffolds for tissue engineering: A review of decellularized extracellular matrix applications and innovations (2025) · cites this paper as [177]
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Self-citationThe organizing principle: microenvironmental influences in the normal and malignant breast
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Naturally derived myocardial matrix as an injectable scaffold for cardiac tissue engineering
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Extracellular matrix-based materials for regenerative medicine
Hussey, G. S., Dziki, J. L., & Badylak, S. F. (2018) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-018-0023-x · Cited by 844
Self-citationFunctional and Biomimetic Materials for Engineering of the Three-Dimensional Cell Microenvironment
Huang, G., Li, F., Zhao, X., Ma, Y., Li, Y., Lin, M., Jin, G., Lu, T. J., Genin, G. M., & Xu, F. (2017) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00094 · Cited by 825
Zhang, X., Chen, X., Hong, H., Hu, R., Liu, J., & Liu, C. (2022) · Bioactive Materials · doi:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.09.014 · Cited by 680
Methods of tissue decellularization used for preparation of biologic scaffolds and in vivo relevance
Keane, T. J., Swinehart, I. T., & Badylak, S. F. (2015) · Methods · doi:10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.03.005 · Cited by 670
Self-citationDesign Challenges in Polymeric Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering
Echeverria Molina, M. I., Malollari, K. G., & Komvopoulos, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.617141 · Cited by 397
Metadata
- Authors
- Crapo, P. M., Medberry, C. J., Reing, J. E., Tottey, S., van der Merwe, Y., Jones, K. E., & Badylak, S. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Badylak, Stephen F.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Biomaterials
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-05
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 3539-3547
- ISSN
- 0142-9612 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3516286
- OpenAlex
- W2138782310
- Cited by
- 263
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 19.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Biomaterials (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR053603)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (T32EB001026)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nerve injury and regeneration
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
- Keywords
- extracellular matrix scaffolds, central nervous system, decellularization, porcine spinal cord, porcine brain, PC12 cells, growth factors, cytocompatibility, cell proliferation, cell migration, cell differentiation, central nervous system regeneration
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biocompatible Materials, Cell Differentiation, Cell Survival, Central Nervous System, Chemotaxis, DNA, Extracellular Matrix, Humans, Mitogens, Extracellular Matrix Proteins, PC12 Cells, Cell Death, Sus scrofa, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Rats, Tissue Scaffolds
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