RETRACTED: Repurposed itraconazole for use in the treatment of malignancies as a promising therapeutic strategy
Open accessAbstract
Understanding cancer biology and the development of novel agents for cancer treatment has always been the goal of cancer researchers. However, the research and development of new drugs is hindered by its long development time, exorbitant cost, high regulatory hurdles, and staggering failure rates. Given the challenges involved drug development for cancer therapies, alternative strategies, in particular the repurposing of 'old' drugs that have been approved for other indications, are attractive. Itraconazole is an FDA-approved anti-fungal drug of the triazole class, and has been used clinically for more than 30 years. Recent drug repurposing screens revealed itraconazole exerts anti-cancer activity via inhibiting angiogenesis and multiple oncogenic signaling pathways. To explore the potential utilization of itraconazole in different types of malignancies, we retrieved the published literature relating to itraconazole in cancer and reviewed the mechanisms of itraconazole in preclinical and clinical cancer studies. Current research predicts the hedgehog signaling pathway as the main target by which itraconazole inhibits a variety of solid and hematological cancers. As clinical trial results become available, itraconazole could emerge as a new antitumor drug that can be used in combination with first-line antitumor drugs.
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Patients with malignant tumors had a higher chance of surviving following itraconazole medication.
“Research has indicated that patients with malignant tumors had a higher chance of surviving following ITZ medication.”
From Itraconazole as a repurposed anti-cancer agent: focusing on synthesis, mechanisms of action and therapeutic insights (2026) · cites this paper as [46]
Better curative results can be obtained when itraconazole is coupled with other chemotherapy medications.
“Better curative results can be obtained when ITZ is coupled with other chemotherapy medications (Table 1).46”
From Itraconazole as a repurposed anti-cancer agent: focusing on synthesis, mechanisms of action and therapeutic insights (2026) · cites this paper as [46]
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A Review of Hedgehog Signaling in Radioresistant Esophageal Cancer: Potential Treatment Target
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- Authors
- Li, C.-L., Fang, Z.-X., Wu, Z., Hou, Y.-Y., Wu, H.-T., & Liu, J.
- Affiliations
- Shantou University (CN)
- First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Jing
- Venue
- Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-10
- Volume
- 154
- Pages
- 113616
- ISSN
- 0753-3322 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4293576050
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 107
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 3.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Status
- Retracted
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81501539)
- Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2016A030312008, 2021A1515012180)
- Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (210715216902829)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Studies
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Synthesis and biological activity
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Research
- Keywords
- itraconazole, drug repurposing, anticancer activity, Hedgehog signaling, angiogenesis inhibition, oncogenic signaling, hematologic malignancies, solid tumors, anticancer drug combination
- MeSH terms
- Antineoplastic Agents, Humans, Itraconazole, Hematologic Neoplasms, Hedgehog Proteins, Drug Repositioning
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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