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A Meta-Analytic Study of Event Rate Effects on Go/No-Go Performance in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Open accessAbstract
Background According to the state regulation deficit model, event rate (ER) is an important determinant of performance of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Fast ER is predicted to create overactivation and produce errors of commission, whereas slow ER is thought to create underactivation marked by slow and variable reaction times (RT) and errors of omission.Methods To test these predictions, we conducted a systematic search of the literature to identify all reports of comparisons of ADHD and control individuals' performance on Go/No-Go tasks published between 2000 and 2011. In one analysis, we included all trials with at least two event rates and calculated the difference between ER conditions. In a second analysis, we used metaregression to test for the moderating role of ER on ADHD versus control differences seen across Go/No-Go studies.Results There was a significant and disproportionate slowing of reaction time in ADHD relative to controls on trials with slow event rates in both meta-analyses. For commission errors, the effect sizes were larger on trials with fast event rates. No ER effects were seen for RT variability. There were also general effects of ADHD on performance for all variables that persisted after effects of ER were taken into account.Conclusions The results provide support for the state regulation deficit model of ADHD by showing the differential effects of fast and slow ER. The lack of an effect of ER on RT variability suggests that this behavioral characteristic may not be a marker of cognitive energetic effects in ADHD.
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“The evidence of hypo-activation of the ANS during cognitive tasks described in this review is consistent with previous findings of greater RTV (Kofler et al., 2013) and response errors in ADHD, which are exacerbated when task stimuli are presented at a slower event rate (Metin et al., 2012).”
From Is autonomic nervous system function atypical in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)? A systematic review of the evidence (2020) · cites this paper as Metin et al., 2012
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“Further support for this comes from evidence of increased intra-individual reaction time variability (RTV) across a range of experimental paradigms (see Kofler et al., 2013, for a metaanalysis), particularly during monotonous cognitive tasks (Metin et al., 2012).”
From Is autonomic nervous system function atypical in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)? A systematic review of the evidence (2020) · cites this paper as Metin et al., 2012
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“The findings of ANS hypoarousal are also consistent with evidence of poorer performance when cognitive tasks have a slow event rate (Metin et al., 2012;Wiersema et al., 2006) and suggest that lower ANS activity may be one factor that contributes to poorer performance of people with ADHD when tasks require sustained attention and response regulation.”
From Is autonomic nervous system function atypical in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)? A systematic review of the evidence (2020) · cites this paper as Metin et al., 2012
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“Several studies have directly tested this performance pattern hypothesis and found their results to be supportive to the model predictions (Wiersema et al., 2006; Metin et al., 2012).”
From A Review of Heterogeneity in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (2019) · cites this paper as Metin et al., 2012
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“suggest that these factors help to offset impaired arousal regulation in ADHD.”
From Is autonomic nervous system function atypical in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)? A systematic review of the evidence (2020) · cites this paper as Metin et al., 2012
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“The model predicts an inverted-U shaped curve relating cognitive energetic factors to performance with both over and under activation (linked to fast and slow ERs) having potentially adverse effects if not effectively managed (7).”
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“Reduced d ′ sensitivity reflects difficulties distinguishing targets from distractors, suggesting impaired inhibitory control, attentional regulation, and response selection (Clark et al. 2023; Kofler et al., 2013; Metin et al. 2012; Szuromi et al. 2011; Varela et al. 2024).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Metin, B., Roeyers, H., Wiersema, J. R., van der Meere, J., & Sonuga-Barke, E.
- Affiliations
- Ghent University (BE)
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-12
- Volume
- 72
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 990-996
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2130750988
- Cited by
- 121
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 0.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Vlaamse regering
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, event rate, go/no-go task, reaction time, reaction time variability, commission errors, omission errors, children
- MeSH terms
- Algorithms, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Choice Behavior, Humans, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time
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