Role of locus coeruleus in attention and behavioral flexibility
Open accessAbstract
Previous findings have implicated the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) system in functions along the dimension of arousal or attention. It has remained uncertain what role this system has in attention, or what mechanisms may be involved. We review our recent work examining activity of LC neurons in monkeys performing a visual discrimination task that requires focused attention. Results indicate that LC cells exhibit phasic or tonic modes of activity, that closely correspond to good or poor performance on this task, respectively. A computational model was used to simulate these results. This model predicts that alterations in electrotonic coupling among LC cells may produce the different modes of activity and corresponding differences in performance. This model also indicates that the phasic mode of LC activity may promote focused or selective attention, whereas the tonic mode may produce a state of high behavioral flexibility or scanning attentiveness. The implications of these results for clinical disorders such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, stress disorders, and emotional and affective disorders are discussed.
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In animals, high levels of LC activity impair behavioral performance when the task requires sustained attention with distracting stimuli.
“In the work by Aston-Jones' group, behavioral performance was impaired in animals with high levels of LC activity, perhaps because the task required sustained attention with distracting stimuli.”
From The Temporal Dynamics Model of Emotional Memory Processing: A Synthesis on the Neurobiological Basis of Stress-Induced Amnesia, Flashbulb and Traumatic Memories, and the Yerkes-Dodson Law (2007) · cites this paper as Aston-Jones et al. [62]
There is an inverted-U function for the relationship between locus coeruleus (LC) activity and performance in an attentional task.
“An inverted-U function has also been described for the relationship between locus coeruleus (LC) activity and performance in an attentional task (Aston-Jones et al. [62]; Aston-Jones et al. [64]).”
From The Temporal Dynamics Model of Emotional Memory Processing: A Synthesis on the Neurobiological Basis of Stress-Induced Amnesia, Flashbulb and Traumatic Memories, and the Yerkes-Dodson Law (2007) · cites this paper as Aston-Jones et al. [62]
Norepinephrine neurons in the locus coeruleus are silent during rapid eye movement sleep, have low tonic firing during slow wave sleep, moderate tonic and pronounced phasic firing to relevant stimuli during nonstressed waking, and high tonic firing with dysregulated phasic firing during stress.
“Norepinephrine neurons in the locus coeruleus are silent during rapid eye movement sleep and have low tonic firing during slow wave sleep, moderate tonic firing and pronounced phasic firing to relevant stimuli during nonstressed waking, and high tonic firing with dysregulated phasic firing during stress (27).”
From Catecholamine Influences on Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortical Networks (2011) · cites this paper as [27]
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- Authors
- Aston-Jones, G., Rajkowski, J., & Cohen, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Princeton University (US)
- ORCID
- Cohen, Jonathan
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1999-11
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1309-1320
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2007311340
- Cited by
- 900
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 1.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh055309-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH059978, MH 59978, MH-55309)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- locus coeruleus, noradrenergic system, attention, behavioral flexibility, phasic neuronal activity, tonic neuronal activity, electrical coupling, computational model, visual discrimination task, focused attention, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, stress disorders
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Haplorhini, Attention, Behavior, Animal, Locus Coeruleus, Neurons, Norepinephrine, Neural Networks, Computer
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