Hyperactivity and Delay Aversion—I. The Effect of Delay on Choice
Abstract
Two experiments are reported in which hyperactive and control children repeatedly chose between small immediate and large delayed rewards. In experiment 1, the best choice option was manipulated by varying levels of delay after reward delivery. In experiment 2 it was manipulated by changing the economic constraint (10 minutes or 20 trials). Both groups were equally efficient at earning points under most conditions, but hyperactive children exhibited a maladaptive preference for the small reward under the trials constraint. The results suggest that hyperactive children were more concerned to reduce overall delay levels than either to maximize reward amount or immediacy.
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Recent functional neuroimaging studies suggest that anomalies within frontolimbic circuits, which are not typically associated with executive functions, may underlie emotional lability in children with ADHD.
“These studies have consisted of relatively small samples and require replication, but nonetheless, suggest that anomalies within frontolimbic circuits, which are not typically associated with executive functions, may underlie emotional lability in children with ADHD.”
From Using Stimulants to Treat ADHD-Related Emotional Lability (2014) · cites this paper as [24]
Compelling data support hypotheses that executive, motivational, inhibitory control, cognitive-energetic, and reward-related deficits are central to the etiology of ADHD.
“Compelling data support an array of hypotheses that posit executive (Pennington & Ozonoff, 1996), motivational (Sonuga-Barke, Taylor, Sembi, & Smith, 1992; Sonuga-Barke, Williams, Hall, & Saxton, 1996), inhibitory control (Barkley, 1997), cognitive-energetic (Sergeant et al., 1999) and reward-related (Sagvolden et al., 2005) deficits as being central to the etiology of ADHD.”
From The influences of environmental enrichment, cognitive enhancement, and physical exercise on brain development: Can we alter the developmental trajectory of ADHD? (2011) · cites this paper as Sonuga-Barke et al., 1992
Choosing for immediate rewards, and thus steep discounting, is hypothesized to be the result of a high aversion to delay.
“Sonuga-Barke and colleagues (Sonuga-Barke, 2005; Sonuga-Barke, Taylor, Sembi, & Smith, 1992) have hypothesized that choosing for immediate rewards, and thus steep discounting, is the result of a high aversion to delay.”
From Behavioral trainings and manipulations to reduce delay discounting: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as Sonuga-Barke, Taylor, Sembi, & Smith, 1992
Delay aversion plays a role in human impulsive choice, especially in children diagnosed with ADHD.
“This is of interest in light of the observation that delay aversion plays a role in human impulsive choice, particularly in children diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; Marco et al., 2009; Sonuga-Barke, Taylor, Sembi, & Smith, 1992).”
From Changing Delay Discounting and Impulsive Choice: Implications for Addictions, Prevention, and Human Health (2019) · cites this paper as Sonuga-Barke et al., 1992
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- Authors
- Sonuga‐Barke, E. J. S., Taylor, E., Sembi, S., & Smith, J.
- Affiliations
- University of London (GB)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1992-02
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 387-398
- ISSN
- 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7610
- OpenAlex
- W2007766526
- Cited by
- 578
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 5.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- hyperactivity, delay aversion, delay discounting, reward choice, impulsivity, children, time preference
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Choice Behavior, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Male, Reward, Time Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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