Cited by 129Regulation of Appetite and ObesityStress Responses and CortisolNeuropeptides and Animal Physiology

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Ghrelin's role in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stress response: implications for mood disorders

Spencer, Sarah J., Emmerzaal, Tim L., Kozicz, Tamas, Andrews, Zane B.·2015·Biological Psychiatry

DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.10.021

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Abstract

Ghrelin is a stomach hormone normally associated with feeding behavior and energy homeostasis. Recent studies highlight that ghrelin targets the brain to regulate a diverse number of functions, including learning, memory, motivation, stress responses, anxiety, and mood. In this review, we discuss recent animal and human studies showing that ghrelin regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and affects anxiety and mood disorders, such as depression and fear. We address the neural sites of action through which ghrelin regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and associated stress-induced behaviors, including the centrally projecting Edinger-Westphal nucleus, the hippocampus, amygdala, locus coeruleus, and the ventral tegmental area. Stressors modulate many behaviors associated with motivation, fear, anxiety, depression, and appetite; therefore, we assess the potential role for ghrelin as a stress feedback signal that regulates these associated behaviors. Finally, we briefly discuss important areas for future research that will help us move closer to potential ghrelin-based therapies to treat stress responses and related disorders.

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Authors: Spencer, S. J., Emmerzaal, T. L., Kozicz, T., & Andrews, Z. B.
Affiliations: RMIT University (AU)
Radboud University Medical Center (NL)
Monash University (AU)
Corresponding author: Andrews, Zane B.
ORCID: Spencer, Sarah J.
Emmerzaal, Tim L.
Andrews, Zane B.
Venue: Biological Psychiatry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2015-07
Volume: 78
Issue: 1
Pages: 19-27
ISSN: 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.10.021
OpenAlex: W1999468851
Cited by: 129
References: 119
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 8
FWCI: 1.32
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) (submittedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion)
Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Australian Research Council (ARC) (DP130100508)
NHMRC (APP1011274)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Keywords: ghrelin, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, stress response, anxiety, depression, mood disorders, Edinger-Westphal nucleus, hippocampus, amygdala, locus coeruleus, ventral tegmental area, appetite
MeSH terms: Animals, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Stress, Psychological, Mood Disorders, Feedback, Physiological, Ghrelin

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Ghrelin's role in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stress response: implications for mood disorders

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