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Alterations of Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Telomere Length With Early Adversity and Psychopathology
Open accessAbstract
Background Telomere shortening and alterations of mitochondrial biogenesis are involved in cellular aging. Childhood adversity is associated with telomere shortening, and several investigations have shown short telomeres in psychiatric disorders. Recent studies have examined whether mitochondria might be involved in neuropsychiatric conditions; findings are limited and no prior work has examined this in relation to stress exposure.Methods Two-hundred ninety healthy adults provided information on childhood parental loss and maltreatment and completed diagnostic interviews. Participants were categorized into four groups based upon the presence or absence of childhood adversity and the presence or absence of lifetime psychopathology (depressive, anxiety, and substance use disorders). Telomere length and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number were measured from leukocyte DNA by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results Childhood adversity and lifetime psychopathology were each associated with shorter telomeres (p < .01) and higher mtDNA copy numbers (p < .001). Significantly higher mtDNA copy numbers and shorter telomeres were seen in individuals with major depression, depressive disorders, and anxiety disorders, as well as those with parental loss and childhood maltreatment. A history of substance disorders was also associated with significantly higher mtDNA copy numbers.Conclusions This study provides the first evidence of an alteration of mitochondrial biogenesis with early life stress and with anxiety and substance use disorders. We replicate prior work on telomere length and psychopathology and show that this effect is not secondary to medication use or comorbid medical illness. Finally, we show that early life stress and psychopathology are each associated with these markers of cellular aging.
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“In both children and adults, different types of childhood adversity are associated with shorter telomere length.6–8”
From Telomere Length and Psychopathology: Specificity and Direction of Effects Within the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Tyrka, A. R., Parade, S. H., Price, L. H., Kao, H.-T., Porton, B., Philip, N. S., Welch, E. S., & Carpenter, L. L.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- Butler Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tyrka, Audrey R.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-01
- Volume
- 79
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 78-86
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4503518
- OpenAlex
- W2049814665
- Cited by
- 259
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 22
- FWCI
- 33.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R21 MH091508, R01 MH068767-08S1)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Keywords
- mitochondrial DNA copy number, telomere length, childhood adversity, early life stress, child abuse, parental loss, psychopathology, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, cellular aging, mitochondrial biogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aging, Anxiety Disorders, Child Abuse, Major Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Major, DNA, Mitochondrial, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Stress, Psychological, Biomarkers, Cellular Senescence, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult, DNA Copy Number Variations, Telomere Shortening, Parental Death
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