Stress, telomeres, and psychopathology: toward a deeper understanding of a triad of early aging
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Telomeres play an important part in aging and show relationships to lifetime adversity, particularly childhood adversity. Meta-analyses demonstrate reliable associations between psychopathology (primarily depression) and shorter telomere length, but the nature of this relationship has not been fully understood. Here, we review and evaluate the evidence for impaired telomere biology as a consequence of psychopathology or as a contributing factor, and the important mediating roles of chronic psychological stress and impaired allostasis. There is evidence for a triadic relationship among stress, telomere shortening, and psychiatric disorders that is positively reinforcing and unfolds across the life course and, possibly, across generations. We review the role of genetics and biobehavioral responses that may contribute to shorter telomere length, as well as the neurobiological impact of impaired levels of telomerase. These complex interrelationships are important to elucidate because they have implications for mental and physical comorbidity and, potentially, for the prevention and treatment of depression.
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A recent comprehensive review supports the hypothesis that telomere length is most strongly related to stress-related psychiatric disorders and indexes both adversity exposure and future health risk.
“A recent comprehensive review provides support for the hypothesis that telomere length is most strongly related to stress-related psychiatric disorders and indexes both adversity exposure and future health risk.17”
From Telomere Length and Psychopathology: Specificity and Direction of Effects Within the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (2020) · cites this paper as [17]
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Telomere Length and the Cancer–Atherosclerosis Trade-Off
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Telomerase Dysregulation in the Hippocampus of a Rat Model of Depression: Normalization by Lithium
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Self-citationSocial Isolation Shortens Telomeres in African Grey Parrots (Psittacus erithacus erithacus)
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Triallelic and epigenetic-like inheritance in human disorders of telomerase
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Transgenerational Developmental Programming of Ovarian Reserve
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Baseline biopsychosocial determinants of telomere length and 6-year attrition rate
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Comparative analysis of whole genome sequencing-based telomere length measurement techniques
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Kleemeier Award Lecture 2008 – the canary in the coal mine: telomeres and human healthspan
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A meta-analysis of the relationship between anxiety and telomere length
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Adverse childhood experiences and leukocyte telomere maintenance in depressed and healthy adults
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Sleep Duration and Telomere Length in Children
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Telomerase activation as a possible mechanism of action for psychopharmacological interventions
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The relationship between positive psychological characteristics and longer telomeres
Schutte, N. S., Palanisamy, S. K. A., & McFarlane, J. R. (2016) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2016.1226308 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Leukocyte telomere length: Effects of schizophrenia, age, and gender
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National Comorbidity Survey: Replication (NCS-R), 2001-2003
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Association between Maternal Symptoms of Sleep Disordered Breathing and Fetal Telomere Length
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Telomere length and fetal programming: A review of recent scientific advances
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Leukocyte Telomere Length Predicts SSRI Response in Major Depressive Disorder: A Preliminary Report
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Self-citationMajor depressive disorder mediates accelerated aging in rats subjected to chronic mild stress
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Self-citationOlder adults with higher income or marriage have longer telomeres
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Self-citationhTERT genetic variation in depression
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Early-Life Experiences and Telomere Length in Adult Rhesus Monkeys: An Exploratory Study
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Shorter leukocyte telomere length in patients at ultra high risk for psychosis
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Pessimistic orientation in relation to telomere length in older men: The VA Normative Aging Study
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Relative Telomere Repeat Mass in Buccal and Leukocyte-Derived DNA
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Relationship Between Leukocyte Telomere Length and Personality Traits in Healthy Subjects
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Delay discounting, genetic sensitivity, and leukocyte telomere length
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Telomere length in alcohol dependence: A role for impulsive choice and childhood maltreatment
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“alternatively, that the psychiatric and medical conditions may be primarily responsible for some of the telomere effect (Epel and Prather, 2018).”
InfluentialThe geroscience agenda: Toxic stress, hormetic stress, and the rate of aging
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Meditation, stress processes, and telomere biology
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Meditation and telomere length: a meta-analysis
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Mitochondria and early-life adversity
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The goddess who spins the thread of life: Klotho, psychiatric stress, and accelerated aging
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The Human Blood Transcriptome in a Large Population Cohort and Its Relation to Aging and Health
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Telomere length and human hippocampal neurogenesis
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Correlation Between Telomere Length and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Human Aging
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- Authors
- Epel, E. S., & Prather, A. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2018-05-07
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 371-397
- ISSN
- 1548-5943 (ISSN-L)
- 1548-5951
- PMC
- PMC7039047
- OpenAlex
- W2792292383
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 148
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 2.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG030424, R24AG048024)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K08HL112961)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- telomeres, telomere length, psychological stress, childhood adversity, depression, psychopathology, allostasis, telomerase, aging, life course, intergenerational transmission, genetic factors
- MeSH terms
- Adverse Childhood Experiences, Animals, Mental Disorders, Humans, Stress, Psychological, Telomerase, Aging, Premature, Telomere Shortening
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