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Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of individual and combined phenolics in Olea europaea leaf extract
Abstract
Olive leaves, an agricultural waste, have great potential as a natural antioxidant. The current study was made to assess the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of both the individual and combined phenolics in olive leaf extract. A combined phenolics mixture was prepared by amount ratios of the phenolic compounds in the olive leaf extract. The results showed that both the individual and combined phenolics exhibited good radical scavenging abilities, and also revealed superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity. In terms of antimicrobial activity, both oleuropein and caffeic acid showed inhibition effects against microorganisms. Furthermore, the antimicrobial effect of the combined phenolics was significantly higher than those of the individual phenolics. These results show that the combination of olive leaf extract phenolics possessed antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. This study indicates that olive leaf extract might be a valuable bioactive source, and would seem to be applicable in both the health and medical food.
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“Additionally, in general, in the mixed form, individual components can modify their properties and interact synergistically, producing improved effects [18,25,39].”
From Comparison of Techniques and Solvents on the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Extracts from Acacia dealbata and Olea europaea (2020) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“Studies report that the antimicrobial and antioxidant efficiency of the olive leaf extracts are directly related with their content of polyphenols [18,20,33,34].”
From Comparison of Techniques and Solvents on the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Extracts from Acacia dealbata and Olea europaea (2020) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“Some studies have already reported the antioxidant capacity of olive [17,18,22] and mimosa leaf [8,71] extracts.”
From Comparison of Techniques and Solvents on the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Extracts from Acacia dealbata and Olea europaea (2020) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“Among all by-products, olives leaves have attracted growing attention as they contain an array of simple phenolics (phenylethanoids, hydroxybenzoic acids, and hydroxycinnamic acids) and polyphenolic compounds (secoiridoids and flavonoids) with biological properties, including antioxidant and antimicrobial [16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23].”
From Comparison of Techniques and Solvents on the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Extracts from Acacia dealbata and Olea europaea (2020) · cites this paper as [18]
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“Similarly, Lee and Lee (2010) reported that the combined phenolics mixture which was prepared from olive leaf extract showed inhibition effects against B. cereus and S. enteritidis.”
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“Actually, the antibacterial activity in vitro of some phenolic compounds present in olive leaves, such as oleuropein, rutin, vanillin and caffeic acid, has been investigated.(20) In addition, these phenolic compounds combined have similar or better effects than individually.”
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“Rutin has been used in pharmaceutical drugs because of its antibacterial (Lee and Lee, 2010), antihyperglycaemic (Calzada et al., 2017) and antioxidative properties (Yang et al., 2008).”
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“Some of the phytochemical compounds present in many plants have previously been reported to have antimicrobial and antifungal activities, as well as substantial natural antioxidant effects (Chibane et al., 2019; Lee and Lee, 2010).”
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“…of the bioactive polyphenolic compounds in the olive leaves extract to act as a free radical scavenger is partly related to their standard one-electron reduction potential by either donating hydrogen or electron or breaking the free radical chain reaction (Hayes et al., 2011; Lee and Lee, 2010).”
BackgroundTopical Olive Leaf Extract Improves Healing of Oral Mucositis in Golden Hamsters.
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“Moreover, research findings suggest that phenolic compounds exhibit a synergistic effect on antioxidant capacity when present together, such as in OLE, which is greater than the sum of their individual effects (Xie et al, 2015, Lee & Lee 2010).”
Çetinkaya, H., & Kulak, M. (2016) · African Journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicines · doi:10.21010/ajtcam.v13i2.10 · Cited by 12
“In these phenolics, the combined phenolic compounds have substantial high antimicrobial activity than the others (Lee and Lee, 2010).”
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“By comparing our results with those reported by Lee and Lee [25] that synergic behavior of olive leaf extracts, whereas the combined phenolics exhibited a strong antifungal activity than the individual phenolics.”
ResultSoriano, J. V., de Cristino-Espinar, M., Luna-Morales, S., Guerra, C. D., Casado‐Díaz, A., Quesada‐Gómez, J. M., Dorado, G., Berenguer‐Pérez, M., Vílchez, S., Esquena, J., et al. (2023) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15071925 · Cited by 11
“Oleuropein is the most abundant phenolic compound in OELE, followed by hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, aglycone, and tyrosol, with the antioxidant activity of them being synergistic [53].”
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“Furthermore, when these phenolic compounds are combined, they can exhibit synergistic effects, significantly enhancing the antioxidant capacity beyond the cumulative impact of each compound [23].”
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The effect of olive (Olea europaea L.) phenolics and sugar on Drosophila melanogaster’s development
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“There is report both the individual and combined phenolics exhibited good radical scavenging abilities [5], and the relative abilities of the flavonoids from olive leaf to scavenge the ABTS radical cation are influenced by the presence of functional groups in their structure [6].”
Sierżant, K., Orda, J., Korzeniowska, M., & Malicki, A. (2018) · Medycyna Weterynaryjna · doi:10.21521/mw.6143 · Cited by 10
“Although complex mixtures of polyphenols generally exhibit higher antimicrobial activity than their individual components (20), highly purified plant extract constituents can also potentially be used as effective growth promoters.”
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Antibacterial activities of polyphenols from olive leaves against Klebsiella pneumoniae
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“They exhibit a range of biological activities, such as an antioxidant activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] radical scavenging and reducing power) [2], an anticancer activity [3], and an antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylori, Campylobacter jejuni, Staphylococcus aureus [4], Bacillus cereus, Esche…”
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“Researchers have studied its antioxidant activity (Lee and Lee 2010) and antimicrobial activity (Sudjana et al.”
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“Olive leaves are shown to have beneficial impacts on human health, thanks to phenolic compounds, in particular oleuropein [4–6], which possess antioxidant [7, 8], anticancer [9, 10], hypoglycemic [11, 12], cardioprotective [13], neuroprotective [14, 15] and antimicrobial [8, 16, 17] activities.”
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“Oleuropein is a natural antimicrobial and it has been shown in various studies that it delays and inhibits the growth rate of microorganisms (33-36).”
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“Moreover, the antioxidant activity of these compounds is synergistic [17].”
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“, especially the oleuropein, are associated with antioxidant, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemia, and cardioprotective activity [30, 31].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lee, O.-H., & Lee, B.-Y.
- Affiliations
- CHA University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Ok-Hwan
- Lee, Boo-Yong
- Venue
- Bioresource Technology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-05
- Volume
- 101
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 3751-3754
- ISSN
- 0960-8524 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2055194600
- Cited by
- 382
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 7.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Bioresource Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Keywords
- olive leaf extract, Olea europaea, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, free radical scavenging, superoxide dismutase-like activity, oleuropein, caffeic acid, agricultural waste valorization, bioactive compounds
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antioxidants, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Plant Extracts, Superoxide Dismutase, Plant Leaves, Olea
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