Fed-batch cultivation of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis: Potassium nitrate and ammonium chloride as simultaneous nitrogen sources
Open accessAbstract
Arthrospiraplatensis was cultivated in minitanks at 13 klux, using a mixture of KNO(3) and NH(4)Cl as nitrogen source. Fed-batch daily supply of NH(4)Cl at exponentially-increasing feeding rate allowed preventing ammonia toxicity and nitrogen deficiency, providing high maximum cell concentration (X(m)) and high-quality biomass (21.85 mg chlorophyll g cells(-1); 20.5% lipids; 49.8% proteins). A central composite design combined to response surface methodology was utilized to determine the relationships between responses (X(m), cell productivity and nitrogen-to-cell conversion factor) and independent variables (KNO(3) and NH(4)Cl concentrations). Under optimum conditions (15.5mM KNO(3); 14.1mM NH(4)Cl), X(m) was 4327 mg L(-1), a value almost coincident with that obtained with only 25.4mM KNO(3), but more than twice that obtained with 21.5mM NH(4)Cl. A 30%-reduction of culture medium cost can be estimated when compared to KNO(3)-batch runs, thus behaving as a cheap alternative for the commercial production of this cyanobacterium.
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NaHCO3 deficiency significantly reduced the growth rate of S. maxima below the average cell reproducibility of 25% per day.
“Figure 6b reveals that NaHCO3 deficiency significantly reduced the growth rate (below the average cell reproducibility of 25% per day [55]).”
From A Microalgae Photobioreactor System for Indoor Air Remediation: Empirical Examination of the CO2 Absorption Performance of Spirulina maxima in a NaHCO3-Reduced Medium (2023) · cites this paper as [55]
Section 3.2 describes bicarbonate as a carbon source for A. platensis, but does not report growth under NaHCO3 deficiency. Searches for the cited 25%-per-day benchmark and for reduced growth in S. maxima found no supporting passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Rodrigues, M. S., Ferreira, L. S., Converti, A., Sato, S., & Carvalho, J. C. M.
- Affiliations
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- University of Genoa (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Carvalho, J.C.M.
- Venue
- Bioresource Technology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-06
- Volume
- 101
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 4491-4498
- ISSN
- 0960-8524 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1973433471
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Bioresource Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Scientific Electronic Library Online (São Paulo Research Foundation, Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) (publishedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa) (submittedVersion)
- INFM-OAR (INFN Catania) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- “Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior” (CAPES)
- “Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo” (FAPESP)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
- Keywords
- Spirulina platensis, Spirulina, fed-batch fermentation, potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonia toxicity, nitrogen deficiency, cell productivity, chlorophyll content, lipid content, protein content, culture medium cost reduction
- MeSH terms
- Ammonia, Ammonium Chloride, Biotechnology, Carbon, Chlorophyll, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Lipids, Nitrates, Nitrogen, Proteins, Regression Analysis, Time Factors, Multivariate Analysis, Potassium Compounds, Biomass, Spirulina
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