Isoflurane disrupts excitatory neurotransmitter dynamics via inhibition of mitochondrial complex I
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Background The mechanisms of action of volatile anaesthetics are unclear. Volatile anaesthetics selectively inhibit complex I in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Mice in which the mitochondrial complex I subunit NDUFS4 is knocked out [Ndufs4(KO)] either globally or in glutamatergic neurons are hypersensitive to volatile anaesthetics. The volatile anaesthetic isoflurane selectively decreases the frequency of spontaneous excitatory events in hippocampal slices from Ndufs4(KO) mice.Methods Complex I inhibition by isoflurane was assessed with a Clark electrode. Synaptic function was measured by stimulating Schaffer collateral fibres and recording field potentials in the hippocampus CA1 region.Results Isoflurane specifically inhibits complex I dependent respiration at lower concentrations in mitochondria from Ndufs4(KO) than from wild-type mice. In hippocampal slices, after high frequency stimulation to increase energetic demand, short-term synaptic potentiation is less in KO compared with wild-type mice. After high frequency stimulation, both Ndufs4(KO) and wild-type hippocampal slices exhibit striking synaptic depression in isoflurane at twice the 50% effective concentrations (EC 50). The pattern of synaptic depression by isoflurane indicates a failure in synaptic vesicle recycling. Application of a selective A 1 adenosine receptor antagonist partially eliminates isoflurane-induced short-term depression in both wild-type and Ndufs4(KO) slices, implicating an additional mitochondria-dependent effect on exocytosis. When mitochondria are the sole energy source, isoflurane completely eliminates synaptic output in both mutant and wild-type mice at twice the (EC 50) for anaesthesia.Conclusions Volatile anaesthetics directly inhibit mitochondrial complex I as a primary target, limiting synaptic ATP production, and excitatory vesicle endocytosis and exocytosis.
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Isoflurane does inhibit synaptic transmission, but the mechanisms by which it does so do not appear to involve MTs.
“In fact the anesthetic isoflurane does inhibit synaptic transmission, but the mechanisms by which it does so do not appear to involve MTs (Herring et al. 2009, Zimin et al. 2018), so this possibility does not seem to be supported at present.”
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- Authors
- Zimin, P. I., Woods, C. B., Kayser, E. B., Ramirez, J. M., Morgan, P. G., & Sedensky, M. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Seattle Children's Research Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zimin, P.I.
- Venue
- British Journal of Anaesthesia
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-05
- Volume
- 120
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1019-1032
- ISSN
- 0007-0912 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6200108
- OpenAlex
- W2789922860
- Cited by
- 76
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 3.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- British Journal of Anaesthesia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R01GM105696, T32GM086270)
- NW Mitochondrial Research Guild
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Keywords
- isoflurane, volatile anesthetics, mitochondrial complex I, excitatory neurotransmission, synaptic depression, synaptic vesicle recycling, adenosine A1 receptor, hippocampal CA1, mitochondrial respiration, glutamatergic neurons
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Female, Isoflurane, Male, Mice, Knockout, Neurotransmitter Agents, Anesthetics, Inhalation, Models, Animal, Electron Transport Complex I, Mice
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