The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Social comparisons on social media: The impact of Facebook on young women's body image concerns and mood
Open accessAbstract
The present study experimentally investigated the effect of Facebook usage on women's mood and body image, whether these effects differ from an online fashion magazine, and whether appearance comparison tendency moderates any of these effects. Female participants (N=112) were randomly assigned to spend 10min browsing their Facebook account, a magazine website, or an appearance-neutral control website before completing state measures of mood, body dissatisfaction, and appearance discrepancies (weight-related, and face, hair, and skin-related). Participants also completed a trait measure of appearance comparison tendency. Participants who spent time on Facebook reported being in a more negative mood than those who spent time on the control website. Furthermore, women high in appearance comparison tendency reported more facial, hair, and skin-related discrepancies after Facebook exposure than exposure to the control website. Given its popularity, more research is needed to better understand the impact that Facebook has on appearance concerns.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“It is often found that body dissatisfaction is a result of young women ' s upward social comparisons of their own appearance with the appearance of other young women in real life or in a (social) media context (e.g., Dittmar & Howard, 2004; Fardouly, Diedrichs, Vartanian, Halliwell, 2015; Fardouly & Vartanian, 2015; Mabe, Forney, & Keel, 2014; Tiggemann & Miller, 2010; Tiggemann &a”
From Picture Perfect: The Direct Effect of Manipulated Instagram Photos on Body Image in Adolescent Girls (2018) · cites this paper as Fardouly, Diedrichs, Vartanian, Halliwell, 2015
In the citing paper
“for women high in social comparison tendencies, exposure to their Facebook feed predicted greater dissatisfaction with their own face, hair, and skin (Fardouly et al., 2015).”
From The Perfect Storm: A Developmental-Sociocultural Framework for the Role of Social Media in Adolescent Girls' Body Image Concerns and Mental Health. (2022) · cites this paper as Fardouly et al., 2015
In the citing paper
“In an experimental study with British young women aged 17-25, participants who were assigned to browse their Facebook feed reported significantly worse mood following this exposure than a control group”
From The Perfect Storm: A Developmental-Sociocultural Framework for the Role of Social Media in Adolescent Girls' Body Image Concerns and Mental Health. (2022) · cites this paper as Fardouly et al., 2015
In the citing paper
“Thus, research that examines adolescents' exposure to their own SM feeds (e.g., Fardouly et al., 2015; Steinsbekk et al., 2021) may not be equipped to differentiate between the effects of viewing known peer, unknown same-aged peer, celebrity, and influencer images.”
From The Perfect Storm: A Developmental-Sociocultural Framework for the Role of Social Media in Adolescent Girls' Body Image Concerns and Mental Health. (2022) · cites this paper as Fardouly et al., 2015
In the citing paper
“Several studies included in the current review provide preliminary empirical support for individual-level moderators that should be investigated in future work, such as social comparison tendencies (Fardouly et al., 2015; Kleemans et al., 2018), investment in appearance (Lonergan et al., 2020; Nesi et al., 2021), sensitivity to peer feedback (Lee et al., 2020), and levels of imaginary audience ide”
From The Perfect Storm: A Developmental-Sociocultural Framework for the Role of Social Media in Adolescent Girls' Body Image Concerns and Mental Health. (2022) · cites this paper as Fardouly et al., 2015
In the citing paper
“Nonetheless, experimental research has demonstrated a causal relationship between BDD and social media29.”
From Association between beauty standards shaped by social media and body dysmorphia among Egyptian medical students (2025) · cites this paper as [29]
Citations
Cites
A theory of social comparison processes
Festinger, L. (1954) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/001872675400700202 · Cited by 20,926
Experimental evidence of massive-scale emotional contagion through social networks
Kramer, A. D. I., Guillory, J. E., & Hancock, J. T. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1320040111 · Cited by 3,687
Big data: a revolution that will transform how we live, work, and think
(2013) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.50-6804 · Cited by 3,657
Grabe, S., Ward, L. M., & Hyde, J. S. (2008) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.134.3.460 · Cited by 2,053
Identity construction on Facebook: Digital empowerment in anchored relationships.
Zhao, S., Grasmuck, S., & Martin, J. (2008) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2008.02.012 · Cited by 1,848
Groesz, L. M., Levine, M. P., & Murnen, S. K. (2002) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.10005 · Cited by 1,772
Chou, H.-T. G., & Edge, N. (2012) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2011.0324 · Cited by 1,166
Social Comparison and the Idealized Images of Advertising
Richins, M. L. (1991) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/209242 · Cited by 962
Keery, H., van den Berg, P., & Thompson, J. K. (2004) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2004.03.001 · Cited by 815
NetGirls: The Internet, Facebook, and body image concern in adolescent girls
Tiggemann, M., & Slater, A. (2013) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22141 · Cited by 741
Students’ and teachers’ use of Facebook
Hew, K. F. (2011) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.11.020 · Cited by 737
Social comparison as a predictor of body dissatisfaction: A meta-analytic review.
Myers, T. A., & Crowther, J. H. (2009) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0016763 · Cited by 730
Self-presentation and gender on MySpace
Manago, A. M., Graham, M. B., Greenfield, P. M., & Salimkhan, G. (2008) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2008.07.001 · Cited by 724
Heinberg, L. J., & Thompson, J. K. (1995) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.1995.14.4.325 · Cited by 715
Tiggemann, M., & McGill, B. (2004) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.23.1.23.26991 · Cited by 710
Make new friends or keep the old: Gender and personality differences in social networking use
Muscanell, N. L., & Guadagno, R. E. (2012) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2011.08.016 · Cited by 649
The Tripartite Influence model of body image and eating disturbance
van den Berg, P., Thompson, J. K., Obremski, K. M., & Coovert, M. D. (2002) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00499-3 · Cited by 638
Facebook Photo Activity Associated with Body Image Disturbance in Adolescent Girls
Meier, E. P., & Gray, J. (2014) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2013.0305 · Cited by 585
The Skinny on Body Dissatisfaction: A Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Girls and Boys
Bearman, S. K., Presnell, K., Martinez, E., & Stice, E. (2006) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-005-9010-9 · Cited by 565
Fardouly, J., & Vartanian, L. R. (2015) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.10.004 · Cited by 522
Self-citationThe Effect of Thin Ideal Media Images on Women’s Self-Objectification, Mood, and Body Image
Harper, B., & Tiggemann, M. (2007) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-007-9379-x · Cited by 497
Greenwood, S., Perrin, A., & Duggan, M. (2016) · Cited by 496
Jones, D. C. (2001) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1023/a:1014815725852 · Cited by 467
Idealized media images and adolescent body image: “comparing” boys and girls
Hargreaves, D. A., & Tiggemann, M. (2004) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2004.10.002 · Cited by 424
Sagioglou, C., & Greitemeyer, T. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.03.003 · Cited by 387
Haferkamp, N., Eimler, S. C., Papadakis, A.-M., & Kruck, J. V. (2012) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2011.0151 · Cited by 378
Thin ideals in music television: A source of social comparison and body dissatisfaction
Tiggemann, M., & Slater, A. (2003) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.10214 · Cited by 371
Gender differences in mediated communication: women connect more than do men
Kimbrough, A. M., Guadagno, R. E., Muscanell, N. L., & Dill, J. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.005 · Cited by 367
Halliwell, E., & Dittmar, H. (2004) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.23.1.104.26989 · Cited by 355
Self-citationDittmar, H., & Howard, S. (2004) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.23.6.768.54799 · Cited by 355
THE BLACKER THE BERRY: Gender, Skin Tone, Self-Esteem, and Self-Efficacy
THOMPSON, M. S., & KEITH, V. M. (2001) · Gender & Society · doi:10.1177/089124301015003002 · Cited by 345
Do you “like” my photo? Facebook use maintains eating disorder risk.
Mabe, A. G., Forney, K. J., & Keel, P. K. (2014) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22254 · Cited by 321
Objects, decision considerations and self-image in men's and women's impulse purchases
Dittmar, H., Beattie, J., & Friese, S. (1996) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/0001-6918(96)00019-4 · Cited by 319
O’Brien, K., Caputi, P., Minto, R., Peoples, G. E., Hooper, C., Kell, S., & Sawley, E. (2009) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2009.03.003 · Cited by 302
The Internet and Adolescent Girls’ Weight Satisfaction and Drive for Thinness
Tiggemann, M., & Miller, J. (2010) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-010-9789-z · Cited by 296
Effects of Exposure to Thin Media Images: Evidence of Self-Enhancement among Restrained Eaters
Mills, J. S., Polivy, J., Herman, C. P., & Tiggemann, M. (2002) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/014616702237650 · Cited by 295
Tiggemann, M., & Slater, A. (2013) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/0272431613501083 · Cited by 285
The Frequency, Nature, and Effects of Naturally Occurring Appearance-Focused Social Comparisons
Leahey, T. M., Crowther, J. H., & Mickelson, K. D. (2007) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2006.06.004 · Cited by 263
Vartanian, L. R., & Dey, S. (2013) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.05.004 · Cited by 240
Self-citationUpward and Downward: Social Comparison Processing of Thin Idealized Media Images
Tiggemann, M., & Polivy, J. (2010) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2010.01581.x · Cited by 238
Investigation of Body Comparison Among Adolescent Girls1
Schutz, H. K., Paxton, S. J., & Wertheim, E. H. (2002) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb00264.x · Cited by 220
Bell, B. T., & Dittmar, H. (2011) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-011-9964-x · Cited by 175
Smith, A. R., Hames, J. L., & Joiner, T. E. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.01.032 · Cited by 168
Ricciardelli, L. A., & McCabe, M. P. (2001) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(00)00097-8 · Cited by 152
Confer, J. C., Perilloux, C., & Buss, D. M. (2010) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.04.002 · Cited by 136
Krones, P. G., Stice, E. M., Batres, C., & Orjada, K. (2005) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20171 · Cited by 131
Ridolfi, D. R., Myers, T. A., Crowther, J. H., & Ciesla, J. A. (2011) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-011-9961-0 · Cited by 130
Leahey, T. M., & Crowther, J. H. (2008) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2008.03.002 · Cited by 108
Halliwell, E., & Dittmar, H. (2006) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167205284005 · Cited by 104
Self-citationCarey, R. N., Donaghue, N., & Broderick, P. (2013) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.09.006 · Cited by 88
Physical Attractiveness, Personality, and Social Reactions to Peer Pressure
Adams, G. R. (1977) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.1977.9915911 · Cited by 88
Halliwell, E., Malson, H. M., & Tischner, I. (2011) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0361684310385217 · Cited by 78
Self-citationKnobloch‐Westerwick, S., & Crane, J. (2011) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650211400596 · Cited by 74
The Visual Process Method: A New Method to Study Physical Attractiveness
Hassebrauck, M. (1998) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/s1090-5138(98)00002-6 · Cited by 71
Prichard, I. J., & Tiggemann, M. (2012) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-012-0167-x · Cited by 57
Exposure to ‘ideal’ facial images reduces facial satisfaction: an experimental study
Newton, T., & Minhas, G. (2005) · Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0528.2005.00239.x · Cited by 43
Dimensionality and factor satisfaction of the body image construct: A gender comparison
Tucker, L. A. (1985) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/bf00288095 · Cited by 28
Should thyroid augmentation precede lithium augmentation – a pilot study
Spoov, J., & Lahdelma, L. (1998) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(98)00004-4 · Cited by 25
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Holland, G., & Tiggemann, M. (2016) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.02.008 · Cited by 1,395
Do social network sites enhance or undermine subjective well-being? A critical review
Verduyn, P., Ybarra, O., Résibois, M., Jonides, J., & Kross, E. (2017) · Social Issues and Policy Review · doi:10.1111/sipr.12033 · Cited by 1,209
Social Media and Body Image Concerns: Current Research and Future Directions
Fardouly, J., & Vartanian, L. R. (2016) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.09.005 · Cited by 801
Self-citationSmartphones, social media use and youth mental health
Abi-Jaoude, E., Naylor, K. T., & Pignatiello, A. (2020) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.190434 · Cited by 627
The interplay between Facebook use, social comparison, envy, and depression
Appel, H., Gerlach, A. L., & Crusius, J. (2016) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.10.006 · Cited by 605
Metadata
- Authors
- Fardouly, J., Diedrichs, P. C., Vartanian, L. R., & Halliwell, E.
- Affiliations
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- University of the West of England (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Fardouly, Jasmine
- Venue
- Body Image
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 13
- Pages
- 38-45
- ISSN
- 1740-1445 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2015151714
- Cited by
- 1,009
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 151 · 2025: 181 · 2024: 149 · 2023: 95 · 2022: 91 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 50 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 10
- FWCI
- 58.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- eprints.uwe.ac.uk
- Licence
- Locations
- Body Image (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UWE Research Repository (UWE Bristol) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Keywords
- Facebook, social media, body dissatisfaction, mood, young women, weight concern
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Body Image, Female, Humans, Periodicals as Topic, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Concept, Women, Young Adult, Social Media
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review