Alterations in spatial learning and memory after forced exercise
Abstract
Exercise has been shown to influence learning and memory. Most studies were performed with a voluntary running paradigm (e.g. running wheel) in mice. However, such effects of exercise on learning and memory are less well demonstrated using a forced running paradigm (e.g. treadmill). The present study was designed to examine the effects of 12 weeks of forced treadmill running on learning and memory performance in rats. We have previously shown that forced running resulted in qualitative and quantitative changes in the cholinergic neurons of the horizontal diagonal band of Broca (HDB) in the septum. This study was conducted in order to determine whether or not these changes occur simultaneously with enhanced learning and memory. The one-day version of the Morris water maze (MWM) test [Frick, K.M., Stillner, E.T., Berger-Sweeney, J., 2000. Mice are not little rats: species differences in a one-day water maze task. NeuroReport 11, 3461-3465] was used to test spatial learning and memory after the exercise period. Our data showed that runners displayed better spatial learning and memory when compared to nonrunners. This was evidently shown by a reduction in the time required for spatial acquisition (p<0.05) and superior probe trial performance (p<0.05). A shorter distance swam by the runners also suggested improved learning over the nonrunners (p<0.05). In an attempt to revalidate our earlier quantitative results, we used design-based stereology (DBS) to estimate the number of cholinergic neuronal profile population in the medial septum and diagonal band (MSDB). We confirmed that forced running increased the cholinergic neuronal profile subpopulation in the HDB (Coefficient of Error<0.2). Taken together, these results indicate that forced exercise could influence learning and memory with a concomitant increase in the number of cholinergic neurons in the HDB.
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Physical exercise improves cognitive function, learning and memory, and significantly moderates age-related cognitive decline.
“improves cognitive function, learning and memory, and significantly moderates age-related cognitive decline [2, 97, 104, 110, 187, 188, 200], reviewed in [10].”
From The neuropathology of sport (2014) · cites this paper as [2]
Treadmill exercise improves hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory as well as aversive memory.
“Treadmill exercise also improves hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory as well as aversive memory [2, 3, 25, 97, 112, 174, 186, 187].”
From The neuropathology of sport (2014) · cites this paper as [2]
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- Authors
- Ang, E.-T., Dawe, G. S., Wong, P. T. H., Moochhala, S., & Ng, Y.-K.
- Affiliations
- University of Fribourg (CH)
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Corresponding author
- Ang, Eng-Tat
- Ng, Yee-Kong
- Venue
- Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-10
- Volume
- 1113
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 186-193
- ISSN
- 0006-8993 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2060986800
- Cited by
- 144
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 4.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- reroDoc Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- physical activity, spatial learning, spatial memory, cholinergic neurons, diagonal band of Broca, medial septum, Morris water maze, design-based stereology, rats
- MeSH terms
- Acetylcholinesterase, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Cell Count, Exercise Test, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Memory, Neurons, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Reaction Time, Septal Nuclei, Spatial Behavior, Time Factors, Rats, Wistar, Maze Learning, Rats
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