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A lack of default network suppression is linked to increased distractibility in ADHD
Open accessAbstract
Heightened distractibility in participants with ADHD as indexed by increased reaction time (RT) variability has been hypothesized to be due to a failure to sufficiently suppress activation in the default attention network during cognitively demanding situations. The present study utilized fMRI to examine the relationship between intra-individual variability (IIV) in task RT and suppression of BOLD response in regions of the default network, using a working memory paradigm and two levels of control tasks. IIV was calculated separately for thirteen healthy control and twelve children with ADHD, Combined Type. Children with ADHD displayed significantly more RT variability than controls. Neural measures showed that although both groups displayed a pattern of increasing deactivation of the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) with increasing task difficulty, the ADHD group was significantly less deactive than controls. Correlations between IIV and brain activation suggested that greater variability was associated with a failure to deactivate ventromedial PFC with increasing task difficulty. T-tests on brain activation between participants with ADHD with low versus high IIV implicated a similar region so that high variability was associated with greater activity in this region. These data provide support for the theory that increased distractibility in at least some participants with ADHD may be due to an inability to sufficiently suppress activity in the default attention network in response to increasing task difficulty.
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“Thus, in parametric fMRI task designs, ADHD children and adults, unlike controls, do not progressively deactivate anterior (ventromedial prefrontal cortex, vmPFC) and/or posterior default mode regions (PPC) with increasing WM or attention load, respectively (Fassbender et al., 2009; Christakou et al., 2013; Salavert et al., 2015).”
From Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Its Clinical Translation (2018) · cites this paper as Fassbender et al., 2009
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“These findings of enhanced activation of DMN regions confirm recent evidence that poor deactivation of the DMN during cognitive tasks is a typical feature of ADHD and may contribute to poor task performance and enhanced distractibility (Fassbender et al., 2009; Christakou et al., 2013; Salavert et al., 2015).”
From Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Its Clinical Translation (2018) · cites this paper as Fassbender et al., 2009
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“and problems to deactivate the DMN during cognitive functions have been associated with more attention lapses, both in normal development and in ADHD (Broyd et al., 2009; Fassbender et al., 2009; Christakou et al., 2013).”
From Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Its Clinical Translation (2018) · cites this paper as Fassbender et al., 2009
In the citing paper
“These impairments often manifest as increased distractibility or elevated levels of mind-wandering,212,228–231 as well as hyperactivity of the DN and weaker anticorrelations with networks involved in external attention.146–148,229,232–235”
From The default network and self-generated thought: component processes, dynamic control, and clinical relevance (2014) · cites this paper as [233]
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“Children with ADHD have also been shown to be less able to deactivate the DMN than controls, and this inability to deactivate the DMN has been directly related to RTV [77].”
From Reaction Time Variability in ADHD: A Review (2012) · cites this paper as [77]
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- Schweitzer, J.B., Fassbender, C., Cortes, C.R., Tagamets, M.A., Windsor, A., Reeves, G., Carter, C.S., and Gullapalli, R. under review. Working memory processing in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is characterized by a lack of specialization of brain function.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Fassbender, C., Zhang, H., Buzy, W. M., Cortes, C. R., Mizuiri, D., Beckett, L., & Schweitzer, J. B.
- Affiliations
- University of California Davis Medical Center (US)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Venue
- Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-06
- Volume
- 1273
- Pages
- 114-128
- ISSN
- 0006-8993 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4721585
- OpenAlex
- W1983208632
- Cited by
- 316
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 11.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH066310)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024146)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, distractibility, default mode network, reaction time variability, within-person variability, medial prefrontal cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, neural deactivation, task difficulty, working memory, children
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain, Brain Mapping, Child, Cognition, Female, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Mental Processes, Nerve Net, Neural Inhibition, Neuropsychological Tests, Reaction Time, Normal Distribution, Prefrontal Cortex
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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