Psychological Mechanisms in Hyperactivity: I Response Inhibition Deficit, Working Memory Impairment, Delay Aversion, or Something Else?
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This study tested the predictions of three different theories of hyperactivity: response inhibition deficit, working memory impairment, and delay aversion. A sample of 51 pervasively hyperactive children and 119 control children, identified by screening a general population sample of 1,316 twin pairs, were assessed on tests relating to each of these theories. The hyperactive group performed worse than the control group on the delay aversion measure and some of the working memory tasks. Controlling for IQ removed the significant group differences on the working memory measures, however. There were no significant group differences on the inhibition variables derived from the stop task. However, there was evidence of a pattern of responding on the stop task that was strongly characteristic of hyperactivity: hyperactive children were variable in their speed, generally slow and inaccurate in responding. This pattern of responses may indicate a nonoptimal effort/ activation state. Hyperactive girls were indistinguishable from hyperactive boys in their performance on the tasks.
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The first study found independent effects of working memory, RT variability, and delay aversion.
“The first study found independent effects of working memory, RT variability, and delay aversion (Kuntsi, Oosterlaan, & Stevenson, 2001)”
From Multiple deficits in ADHD: executive dysfunction, delay aversion, reaction time variability, and emotional deficits (2013) · cites this paper as Kuntsi, Oosterlaan, & Stevenson, 2001
ADHD cases can be satisfactorily differentiated from controls in terms of their choices of smaller sooner over larger later rewards.
“ADHD cases can be satisfactorily differentiated from controls in terms of their choices of SS over LL rewards (Kuntsi et al., 2001;Antrop et al., 2006;Bitsakou et al., 2009;Marco et al., 2009;Sonuga-Barke et al., 1992;Schweitzer and Sulzer-Azaroff, 1995;Solanto et al., 2001;Hoerger and Mace, 2006;Dalen et al., 2004;Marco et al., 2009).”
From Context-dependent Dynamic Processes in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Differentiating Common and Unique Effects of State Regulation Deficits and Delay Aversion (2010) · cites this paper as Kuntsi et al., 2001
Kuntsi et al. reported that RT variability discriminated ADHD children from controls better than measures of inhibition and working memory.
“Kuntsi and colleagues (Kuntsi et al., 2001) reported that RT variability discriminated ADHD children from controls better than measures of inhibition and working memory”
From The influences of environmental enrichment, cognitive enhancement, and physical exercise on brain development: Can we alter the developmental trajectory of ADHD? (2011) · cites this paper as Kuntsi et al., 2001
Differences between hyperactive and non-hyperactive children on delay aversion were fully explained by co-occurring DBD.
“However, Kuntsi et al. (2001) reported that differences between hyperactive and non-hyperactive children on delay aversion were fully explained by co-occurring DBD.”
From Risk taking and sensitivity to punishment in children with ADHD, ODD, ADHD+ODD, and controls (2011) · cites this paper as Kuntsi et al. 2001
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“Another approach to investigating the presumed cognitive deficits in hyperactivity focuses on the findings that hyperactive children in general perform poorly on a variety of executive function measures ( Pennington & Ozono, 1996 ).”
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- Authors
- Kuntsi, J., Oosterlaan, J., & Stevenson, J.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- University of Southampton (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2001-02
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 199-210
- ISSN
- 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7610
- OpenAlex
- W2106407351
- Cited by
- 387
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 10.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- hyperactivity, response inhibition, working memory, delay aversion, stop-signal task, children, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Female, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Male, Memory Disorders, Reaction Time, Task Performance and Analysis
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