The DOI matches its Crossref record; 100 of the 103 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Ascending projections from the caudal visceral nucleus of the solitary tract to brain regions involved in food intake and energy expenditure
Open accessAbstract
Metabolic homeostasis reflects the complex output of endocrine, autonomic, and behavioral control circuits that extend throughout the central nervous system. Brain regions that control food intake and energy expenditure are privy to continuous visceral sensory feedback signals that presumably modulate appetite, satiety, digestion, and metabolism. Sensory signals from the gastrointestinal tract and associated digestive viscera are delivered to the brain primarily by vagal afferents that terminate centrally within the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (NST), with signals subsequently relayed to higher brain regions by parallel noradrenergic and peptidergic projection pathways arising within the NST. This article begins with an overview of these ascending pathways identified in adult rats using a standard anterograde tracer microinjected into the caudal visceral sensory region of the NST, and also by immunocytochemical localization of glucagon-like peptide-1. NST projection targets identified by these two approaches are compared to the distribution of neurons that become infected after inoculating the ventral stomach wall with a neurotropic virus that transneuronally infects synaptically-linked chains of neurons in the anterograde (i.e., ascending sensory) direction. Although the focus of this article is the anatomical organization of axonal projections from the caudal visceral NST to the hypothalamus and limbic forebrain, discussion is included regarding the hypothesized role of these projections in modulating behavioral arousal and coordinating endocrine and behavioral (i.e., hypophagic) responses to stress.
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In the citing paper
“From there Information is relayed to other brainstem nuclei and forebrain structures (Rinaman, 2010).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Rinaman, 2010
In the citing paper
“neurons in the VTA and/or NAc express GLP-1 (24,25), ghrelin (26,27), leptin (28,29), insulin (30), orexin (31) and melanocortin receptors (32).”
From Obesity and addiction: Neurobiological overlaps (2013) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, neurons in VTA and/or nucleus accumbens (NAc) express glucagon-like peptide-1 (11,12), ghrelin (13,14), leptin (15,16), insulin (17), orexin (18), and melanocortin receptors (19).”
From The Addictive Dimensionality of Obesity (2013) · cites this paper as [12]
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The Physiology of Glucagon-like Peptide 1
Holst, J. J. (2007) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00034.2006 · Cited by 3,371 · cited 1×
“…GLP-1 signaling pathways are implicated in the central control of food intake, glucose homeostasis, and HPA axis and autonomic responses to stress (Holst, 2007; Imeryuz et al., 1997; Kinzig et al., 2003; Nakade et al., 2007; Rinaman, 1999a; Sandoval et al., 2008; Tang-Christensen et al., 2001;…”
BackgroundA role for glucagon-like peptide-1 in the central regulation of feeding
Turton, M. D., O'Shea, D., Gunn, I., Beak, S. A., Edwards, C. M. B., Meeran, K., Choi, S. J., Taylor, G. M., Heath, M. M., Lambert, P. D., et al. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/379069a0 · Cited by 1,950 · cited 2×
“…are implicated in the central control of food intake, glucose homeostasis, and HPA axis and autonomic responses to stress (Holst, 2007; Imeryuz et al., 1997; Kinzig et al., 2003; Nakade et al., 2007; Rinaman, 1999a; Sandoval et al., 2008; Tang-Christensen et al., 2001; Turton et al., 1996).”
BackgroundCerebellar loops with motor cortex and prefrontal cortex of a nonhuman primate
Kelly, R. M., & Strick, P. L. (2003) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-23-08432.2003 · Cited by 1,595 · cited 1×
“H129 undergoes anterograde transneuronal transport in cebus monkeys after inoculation of primary motor cortex (Kelly and Strick, 2003; Zemanick et al., 1991) and in mice after inoculation of tooth pulp (Barnett et al., 1995) or the vitreous body of the eye (Sun et al., 1996).”
BackgroundRicardo, J. A., & Koh, E. T. (1978) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(78)91125-3 · Cited by 1,362 · cited 1×
“…description of the central projections of NST neurons effectively reveals most CNS recipients of viscerosensory information (Bailey et al., 2006; Horst et al., 1989; Horst and Streefland, 1994; Ricardo and Koh, 1978), albeit without identifying the central targets of organ-specific sensory signals.”
BackgroundEfferent connections of the parabrachial nucleus in the rat
Saper, C. B., & Loewy, A. D. (1980) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(80)91117-8 · Cited by 1,217 · cited 1×
“The PBN has at least 12 distinct subnuclei, some of which project to central targets that do not receive direct input from the NST (Fulwiler and Saper, 1984;Herbert et al., 1990;Moga et al., 1990;Saper and Loewy, 1980).”
BackgroundGerfen, C. R., & Sawchenko, P. E. (1984) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(84)90940-5 · Cited by 1,205 · cited 1×
“(Gerfen and Sawchenko, 1984), into the caudal visceral NST. Coronal brain sections (35 µm thick) were cut from the caudal medulla through the rostral extent of the corpus callosum, and a one-in-six series was processed for immunoperoxidase localization of PhAL.”
MethodSawchenko, P. E., & Swanson, L. W. (1982) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902050306 · Cited by 1,150 · cited 2×
“…NST neurons that project to the hypothalamus and limbic forebrain are NA neurons of the overlapping A2/C2 cell groups (Sawchenko and Swanson, 1981; Sawchenko and Swanson, 1982a; Sawchenko and Swanson, 1982b), with remaining projection neurons primarily comprising smaller and separate populations…”
BackgroundSawchenko, P. E., & Swanson, L. W. (1982) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(82)90010-8 · Cited by 1,141 · cited 2×
“…NST neurons that project to the hypothalamus and limbic forebrain are NA neurons of the overlapping A2/C2 cell groups (Sawchenko and Swanson, 1981; Sawchenko and Swanson, 1982a; Sawchenko and Swanson, 1982b), with remaining projection neurons primarily comprising smaller and separate populations…”
BackgroundSubnuclear organization of the efferent connections of the parabrachial nucleus in the rat
Fulwiler, C., & Saper, C. B. (1984) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(84)90012-2 · Cited by 1,057 · cited 1×
“The PBN has at least 12 distinct subnuclei, some of which project to central targets that do not receive direct input from the NST (Fulwiler and Saper, 1984;Herbert et al., 1990;Moga et al., 1990;Saper and Loewy, 1980).”
BackgroundHerbert, H., Moga, M. M., & Saper, C. B. (1990) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902930404 · Cited by 964 · cited 1×
“The PBN has at least 12 distinct subnuclei, some of which project to central targets that do not receive direct input from the NST (Fulwiler and Saper, 1984;Herbert et al., 1990;Moga et al., 1990;Saper and Loewy, 1980).”
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Cryan, J. F., O'Riordan, K. J., Cowan, C. S. M., Sandhu, K. V., Bastiaanssen, T. F. S., Boehme, M., Codagnone, M. G., Cussotto, S., Fulling, C., Golubeva, A. V., et al. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00018.2018 · Cited by 5,286
Obesity and addiction: Neurobiological overlaps
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G. ‐., Tomasi, D., & Baler, R. D. (2013) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2012.01031.x · Cited by 800
“Stimulants increased insulin levels in a PCP-induced model of schizophrenia (179) Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (180) Small intestine Oral taste buds Some anorexic effects appear to be exerted at the level of the mesolimbic reward system (181) Exendin, a GLP-1 receptor agonist modulates behavioural activation by amp…”
BackgroundChen, W. G., Schloesser, D., Arensdorf, A. M., Simmons, J. M., Cui, C., Valentino, R., Gnadt, J. W., Nielsen, L., Hillaire-Clarke, C. S., Spruance, V., et al. (2021) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.10.007 · Cited by 707
Toward a Wiring Diagram Understanding of Appetite Control
Andermann, M. L., & Lowell, B. B. (2017) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.06.014 · Cited by 633
“…(DMV) to evoke vago-vagal reflexes, to other hindbrain sites to control sympathetic outflow, and to more rostral sites to control behavior, autonomic outflow, and neuroendocrine responses (Ghosal et al., 2017; Grill and Hayes, 2012; Rinaman, 2010; Trapp and Cork, 2015; Travagli and Anselmi, 2016).”
BackgroundSteinert, R. E., Feinle-Bisset, C., Asarian, L., Horowitz, M., Beglinger, C., & Geary, N. (2017) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00031.2014 · Cited by 578
Metadata
- Authors
- Rinaman, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rinaman, Linda
- ORCID
- Rinaman, Linda
- Venue
- Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-09
- Volume
- 1350
- Pages
- 18-34
- ISSN
- 0006-8993 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2909454
- OpenAlex
- W2000379434
- Cited by
- 311
- References
- 103
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 1.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (MH59911)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Keywords
- ascending projections, dietary intake, energy expenditure, vagal afferents, hypothalamus, limbic forebrain, glucagon-like peptide-1, anterograde tracing, neurotropic viruses, behavioral arousal, metabolic homeostasis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Eating, Energy Metabolism, Hypothalamus, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Solitary Nucleus, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
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