The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A multi-session interpretation modification program: Changes in interpretation and social anxiety symptoms
Open accessAbstract
Previous research suggests that socially anxious individuals interpret ambiguous social information in a more threatening manner compared to non-anxious individuals. Recently, studies have experimentally modified interpretation and shown that this subsequently affected anxiety in non-anxious individuals. If similar procedures can modify interpretation biases in socially anxious individuals, they may lead to a reduction in social anxiety symptoms. In the current study, we examined the effect of a computerized Interpretation Modification Program (IMP) on interpretation bias and social anxiety symptoms. Twenty-seven socially anxious individuals were randomly assigned to the IMP or a control condition. Participants completed eight computer sessions over four weeks. The IMP modified interpretation by providing positive feedback when participants made benign interpretations and negative feedback in response to threat interpretations. The IMP successfully decreased threat interpretations, increased benign interpretations, and decreased social anxiety symptoms compared to the control condition. Moreover, changes in benign interpretation mediated IMP's effect on social anxiety. This initial trial suggests that interpretation modification may have clinical utility when applied as a multi-session intervention.
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“Other studies have found that changing attentional bias by methods such as CBM results in decreased anxiety and depression and increased well-being in clinical populations”
From Mindfulness Training Alters Emotional Memory Recall Compared to Active Controls: Support for an Emotional Information Processing Model of Mindfulness (2012) · cites this paper as Beard and Amir, 2008
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“This level of training in either ApBM or IBM is feasible to provide and has been associated with significant improvements in alcohol use and anxiety in extant literature, respectively (Amir and Taylor, 2012; Beard and Amir, 2008; Beard et al., 2011; Eberl et al., 2013; Eberl et al., 2014).”
From Acceptability and Co-Development of an Online Cognitive Bias Modification Intervention for Emerging Adults With Hazardous Alcohol Use and Social Anxiety: A Mixed Methods Study (2020) · cites this paper as Beard and Amir, 2008
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“Results of these particular studies indeed showed that reducing interpretation bias resulted in reduced anxiety symptoms (Beard and Amir 2008) and depression levels (Blackwell and Holmes 2010; Lang et al. 2012).”
From Mindfulness, Interpretation Bias, and Levels of Anxiety and Depression: Two Mediation Studies (2019) · cites this paper as Beard and Amir 2008
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Self-citationSantopetro, N. J., Thompson, B., Albanese, B. J., Brush, C. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2025) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.70067
From Context to Self: Longitudinal Overgeneralization of Negative Interpretive Biases in Adolescents
Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Li, Z., Zhao, J., Wang, Y., & Su, Y. (2025) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-025-10645-7
Frommelt, T., Traykova, M., Platt, B., & Wittekind, C. E. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23983332
Frommelt, T., Traykova, M., Platt, B., & Wittekind, C. E. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23983317
Frommelt, T., Traykova, M., Platt, B., & Wittekind, C. E. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23983320
Frommelt, T., Traykova, M., Platt, B., & Wittekind, C. E. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23983329
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Cognitive bias modification of interpretation in Fear of Missing Out: a randomized controlled trial
Zhang, W., Li, J., Chen, Y., Wang, L., & Gao, X. (2025) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2025.113613
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Ramadurai, R., Shin, D. E., Ren, B., Silverman, A. L., & Beard, C. (2026) · doi:10.2196/preprints.106944
Self-citationExamining Moderators of Outcomes in a Smartphone-Delivered Interpretation Bias Intervention
Shin, D. E., Silverman, A. L., Rotta, G. K., Ferguson, I., Tuck, A. B., & Beard, C. (2026) · The Behavior Therapist · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2026.08.002
Self-citationCiesinski, N. K., Drabick, D. A. G., Heimberg, R. G., Krick, L. C., Himelein-Wachowiak, M., Sarcos, B., Tate, M. S., Berman, M. E., & McCloskey, M. S. (2026) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2026.09.002
Barroso, C., Yi, X., & Wang, Z. (2026) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.70405
The effect of induced mood on interpretation biases in high and low trait anxious participants
Teape, L. A. (2009) · UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)
Vulnerability to depression and cognitive bias modification
Chan, S. W. Y. (2012) · UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)
Metadata
- Authors
- Beard, C., & Amir, N.
- Affiliations
- University of Georgia (US)
- Corresponding author
- Beard, Courtney
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-10
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1135-1141
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3569034
- OpenAlex
- W1968038295
- Cited by
- 319
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 21.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH087623, R34MH077129, R34MH073004)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- social anxiety, interpretation bias, threat interpretation, computer-based intervention, feedback-based training, anxiety symptoms
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Computer Simulation, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Paranoid Behavior, Phobic Disorders, Psychological Tests, Self Concept, Social Behavior, Social Perception, Young Adult
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