Interpretation training in individuals with generalized social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial.
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy of a multisession computerized interpretation modification program (IMP) in the treatment of generalized social anxiety disorder (GSAD). METHOD: The sample comprised 49 individuals meeting diagnostic criteria for GSAD who were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial comparing IMP (n = 23) with an interpretation control condition (ICC; n = 26). The interpretation training procedures comprised a word-sentence association task in which participants decided whether a word implying a threatening or benign meaning was related to an ambiguous social scenario. In the IMP group, participants were reinforced for interpreting ambiguous social information in a nonthreatening and more benign manner. In the ICC group, participants were reinforced with equal frequency for interpreting ambiguous social information in either a threatening or benign manner. RESULTS: Intent-to-treat and completer analyses revealed that IMP significantly decreased threat interpretations and increased benign interpretations from pre- to post-assessment relative to the ICC group. Moreover, IMP participants displayed significantly larger reductions in clinician-rated social anxiety symptoms and functional impairment as well as self-reported trait anxiety and depression relative to ICC participants. Groups did not differ on change in self-rated social anxiety symptoms. Participants no longer meeting DSM-IV criteria for GSAD at post-assessment were 65% in IMP and 13% in ICC. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that computerized interpretation training procedures may be beneficial for treating social anxiety disorder.
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In clients with generalized social anxiety disorder, 12 sessions of IBM was associated with significantly greater reductions in negative interpretations of ambiguous scenarios, social anxiety symptoms, and rates of social anxiety disorder diagnosis from pre- to postassessment, as well as significant decreases in clinician-rated social anxiety symptoms, relative to a sham control training condition
“IBM training was associated with significantly greater reductions in negative interpretations of ambiguous scenarios, social anxiety symptoms, and rates of social anxiety disorder diagnosis from preto postassessment, as well as significant decreases in clinician-rated social anxiety symptoms, relative to a sham control training condition.”
From Acceptability and Co-Development of an Online Cognitive Bias Modification Intervention for Emerging Adults With Hazardous Alcohol Use and Social Anxiety: A Mixed Methods Study (2020) · cites this paper as Amir and Taylor, 2012
Effects of IBM on social anxiety were maintained at 3-month follow-up, and changes in negative interpretation mediated the relationship between training group and improvement in social anxiety symptoms.
“Effects on social anxiety were maintained at 3-month follow-up, and changes in negative interpretation were shown to mediate the relationship between training group and improvement in social anxiety symptoms.”
From Acceptability and Co-Development of an Online Cognitive Bias Modification Intervention for Emerging Adults With Hazardous Alcohol Use and Social Anxiety: A Mixed Methods Study (2020) · cites this paper as Amir and Taylor, 2012
Relatively few studies have tested the clinical utility of IBM in reducing social anxiety among clinical samples.
“Unlike research on ApBM, relatively few studies have tested the clinical utility of IBM in reducing social anxiety among clinical samples (Amir and Taylor, 2012; Brettschneider et al., 2015; Brosan et al., 2011; Salemink and Wiers, 2014).”
From Acceptability and Co-Development of an Online Cognitive Bias Modification Intervention for Emerging Adults With Hazardous Alcohol Use and Social Anxiety: A Mixed Methods Study (2020) · cites this paper as Amir and Taylor, 2012
This level of training in either ApBM or IBM is feasible to provide and has been associated with significant improvements in alcohol use and anxiety in extant literature.
“This level of training in either ApBM or IBM is feasible to provide and has been associated with significant improvements in alcohol use and anxiety in extant literature, respectively (Amir and Taylor, 2012; Beard and Amir, 2008; Beard et al., 2011; Eberl et al., 2013; Eberl et al., 2014).”
From Acceptability and Co-Development of an Online Cognitive Bias Modification Intervention for Emerging Adults With Hazardous Alcohol Use and Social Anxiety: A Mixed Methods Study (2020) · cites this paper as Amir and Taylor, 2012
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- Authors
- Amir, N., & Taylor, C. T.
- Affiliations
- San Diego State University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
- Published
- 2012-06
- Volume
- 80
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 497-511
- ISSN
- 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2117
- PMC
- PMC3365642
- OpenAlex
- W2077437644
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 19.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2013-02-04)
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R34MH073004-01; R34MH077129-01; R01MH087623, K99MH090243-01)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- generalized social anxiety disorder, computerized cognitive training, threat interpretation, social anxiety symptoms, functional disability, trait anxiety, depression, treatment efficacy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Attention, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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