The impact bias in self and others: Affective and empathic forecasting in individuals with social anxiety

Arditte Hall, Kimberly A.; Joormann, Jutta; Siemer, Matthias; Timpano, Kiara R.

doi:10.1016/j.brat.2018.05.001

Cited by 30Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesDecision-Making and Behavioral EconomicsChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

The impact bias in self and others: Affective and empathic forecasting in individuals with social anxiety

Arditte Hall, Kimberly A., Joormann, Jutta, Siemer, Matthias, Timpano, Kiara R.·2018·Behaviour Research and Therapy

DOI 10.1016/j.brat.2018.05.001

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Abstract

People tend to overestimate the intensity and duration of affect (i.e., impact bias) when making predictions about their own and others' responding, termed affective and empathic forecasting, respectively. Research links impact biases to clinical symptoms of affective disorders, but little work has been done to examine how social anxiety is related to affective and empathic forecasting biases. The current investigation included two studies examining these associations in independent samples of young adults with dimensionally distributed social anxiety symptoms. Study 1 (N = 100) examined the associations between social anxiety and affective and empathic forecasts in response to a series of novel hypothetical vignettes in which a second-person narrator (i.e., the self) elicited anger, disgust, or happiness from another person (i.e., the other). Study 2 utilized an innovative experimental paradigm involving N = 68 participant dyads. Overall, results supported the existence of affective and empathic forecasting biases. Further, symptoms of social anxiety were associated with the tendency to overestimate one's own and others' negative affect and underestimate others' positive affect. Such forecasting biases may help to explain the avoidance that is characteristic of individuals with social anxiety and could represent a fruitful target of cognitive behavioral intervention.

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People high in social anxiety appear to underestimate intensity and duration of positive affect when exposed to a positive interpersonal vignette as compared to individuals low in social anxiety, and overestimate other-related disgust, internal shame, and guilt.
“In addition, people high in social anxiety appear to underestimate intensity and duration of positive affect when exposed to a positive interpersonal vignette as compared to individuals low in social anxiety, and overestimate other-related disgust, internal shame, and guilt (77).”
From MDMA-Assisted Therapy as a Means to Alter Affective, Cognitive, Behavioral, and Neurological Systems Underlying Social Dysfunction in Social Anxiety Disorder (2021) · cites this paper as [77]

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Authors: Arditte Hall, K. A., Joormann, J., Siemer, M., & Timpano, K. R.
Affiliations: Yale University (US)
University of Miami (US)
ORCID: Joormann, Jutta
Timpano, Kiara R.
Venue: Behaviour Research and Therapy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2018-07
Volume: 106
Pages: 37-46
ISSN: 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2018.05.001
OpenAlex: W2801826620
Cited by: 30
References: 44
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4
FWCI: 3.60
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: impact bias, affective forecasting, social anxiety, interpersonal avoidance, cognitive-behavioral intervention, mood disorders
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Affect, Anxiety, Cognition, Empathy, Female, Humans, Male, Social Perception, Young Adult

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The impact bias in self and others: Affective and empathic forecasting in individuals with social anxiety

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