Expanding the Topography of Social Anxiety: An Experience-Sampling Assessment of Positive Emotions, Positive Events, and Emotion Suppression
Abstract
The relation between social anxiety and hedonic activity remains poorly understood. From a self-regulatory perspective, we hypothesized that socially anxious individuals experience diminished positive experiences and events on days when they are unable to manage socially anxious feelings adequately. In this 21-day experience-sampling study, we constructed daily measures of social anxiety and emotion regulation. Greater dispositional social anxiety was associated with less positive affect and fewer positive events in everyday life. Among individuals defined as socially anxious from their scores on a global self-report measure of social anxiety, the number of positive events was lowest on days when they both were more socially anxious and tended to suppress emotions and highest on days when they were less socially anxious and more accepting of emotional experiences. Irrespective of dispositional social anxiety, participants reported the most intense positive emotions on the days when they were both least socially anxious and most accepting of emotional experiences. Possible clinical implications are discussed.
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The lack of significance for positive affect contradicted many other ambulatory assessment studies that yielded significant between-person associations between lower levels of positive affect and higher levels of negative affect with social anxiety.
“This lack of significance contradicted many other AA studies that yielded significant between-person associations between lower levels of PA and higher levels of NA with SA [16,20,30,54,57,58,61,69,70].”
From Studies of Social Anxiety Using Ambulatory Assessment: Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [69]
On days in which social anxiety symptoms increased, the use of suppression tended also to increase.
“on days in which SA symptoms increased, the use of suppression tended also to increase [61,69].”
From Studies of Social Anxiety Using Ambulatory Assessment: Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [69]
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The grass is always greener: Envy in social anxiety disorder
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Does Alcohol Reduce Social Anxiety in Daily Life? A 22-Day Experience Sampling Study
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Self-citationRecipients' happiness in prosocial spending: The role of social ties
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Studies of Social Anxiety Using Ambulatory Assessment: Systematic Review
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Sarfan, L. D., Magee, J. C., & Clerkin, E. M. (2021) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-021-09899-8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kashdan, T. B., & Steger, M. F.
- Affiliations
- George Mason University (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kashdan, Todd B.
- Venue
- Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2006-02
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 120-128
- ISSN
- 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9280
- OpenAlex
- W2160153559
- Cited by
- 458
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 18.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- social anxiety, positive affect, positive events, emotion regulation, emotional suppression, emotional acceptance, self-regulation, everyday experience
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Phobic Disorders, Surveys and Questionnaires, Repression, Psychology, Sampling Studies
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