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The impact of generative AI on higher education learning and teaching: A study of educators’ perspectives
Open accessAbstract
In recent months, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has had, and will continue to have, a dramatic impact on Higher Education (HE). A study conducted by researchers at a leading university in Australia surveyed 30 of their teaching staff, drawn predominantly from their teaching academy, and interviewed eight of them regarding the impact of AI on HE. Data were analyzed using the procedures of Inductive Thematic Analysis and revealed a lack of any homogenous sentiment around AI in HE and much ambiguity regarding best practice regarding recent technological developments. The results indicate concerns exist around concepts relating to academic integrity, however, these concerns may be exaggerated. Almost half of the participants indicated they were using AI within their teaching roles with the most common design change being modifications to assessments. Less than a quarter of staff agreed the university has adequately equipped them for AI, and more than three quarters indicated they would like support. They unanimously assumed the technology will improve. Keeping in mind universities’ obligation to serve students by preparing them for industry, it is vitally important that the HE sector stays informed of developments in AI and commit to ongoing research and discussions regarding best practice in response to AI. However, anything regarding AI and future developments will be extremely difficult to predict.
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“Among university teachers, academic integrity and cheating are major concerns (Bozkurt, 2024;Johnston et al., 2024;Lee et al., 2024;Newell et al., 2024;Overono & Ditta, 2025;Perkins et al., 2024;Xia et al., 2024;Yusuf et al., 2024).”
From Toward Partnership Ethics for Generative Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education (2026) · cites this paper as Lee et al., 2024
In the citing paper
“As in other empirical contexts (e.g., Bozkurt, 2024;Johnston et al., 2024;Lee et al., 2024;Newell et al., 2024;Yusuf et al., 2024), academic integrity was a focus, especially for teachers.”
From Toward Partnership Ethics for Generative Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education (2026) · cites this paper as Lee et al., 2024
In the citing paper
“Research participants' concerns included and extended beyond academic integrity, the topic that dominates much academic research on genAI in higher education (Bozkurt, 2024;Johnston et al., 2024;Lee et al., 2024;Newell et al., 2024;Overono & Ditta, 2025;Perkins et al., 2024;Xia et al., 2024;Yusuf et al., 2024).”
From Toward Partnership Ethics for Generative Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education (2026) · cites this paper as Lee et al., 2024
In the citing paper
“Environments with abundant resources more readily establish stable training programs, clear procedural guidelines, and sustainable teaching support, thereby enhancing students’ trust in institutional legitimacy and reducing uncertainty-related anxiety (Lee et al., 2024).”
From Multidimensional responses to generative AI in higher education: an integrative framework linking institutional governance, teaching practice, and student psychological adaptation (2026) · cites this paper as Lee et al., 2024
In the citing paper
“studies where AI-assisted journaling reduced writing anxiety”
From Enhancing Student Success through AI-Assisted Reflective Learning in Entrepreneurship Education: An Empirical Study (2026) · cites this paper as Lee et al., 2024
In the citing paper
“Additional concerns such as bias in AI outputs (Lee et al., 2024) and lack of transparency in model decisions (Wang et al., 2024) further compound this hesitancy.”
From Educators’ perceptions of generative AI: Investigating attitudes, barriers and learning needs in higher education (2025) · cites this paper as Lee et al., 2024
In the citing paper
“Lim et al. (2023) and Lee et al. (2024) note that generative AI in the education sphere provides an incredible opportunity for educators to reimagine what learning looks like, despite the notable fears of cheating, academic integrity, and plagiarism that accompany it.”
From Effects of Generative AI on Engagement and Performance Within Asynchronous Online Courses (2026) · cites this paper as Lee et al. (2024)
In the citing paper
“Many educators and academic institutions are currently facing challenges in determining how best to incorporate these tools into their teaching methods without compromising educational values [4].”
From Engineering Educators' Perspectives on the Impact of Generative AI in Higher Education (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
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“In contrast [15], professors at an Australian university had mixed feelings and a lack of consensus on best practices, suggesting significant variations in the perception of AI depending on geographical and cultural contexts.”
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Lähdesmäki, S. A., Väisänen, S., & Hyytinen, H. (2025) · International Journal on Social and Education Sciences · doi:10.46328/ijonses.765 · Cited by 1
Assessing the Determinants of Faculty Acceptance of Generative AI in Research Practices
Damilig, A. (2025) · International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research · doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i04.51724 · Cited by 1
The AI Elephant in the Room: ChatGPT in Control Engineering Education
Oliveira, P. M., & Vrančić, D. (2025) · IFAC-PapersOnLine · doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.08.053 · Cited by 1
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Scientific Writing: A Higher Education Review
Almryad, A., & Musa, H. (2025) · Academic Platform Journal of Engineering and Smart Systems · doi:10.21541/apjess.1676506 · Cited by 8
Faculty Perceptions of AI Use in Higher Education: A Case Study
Jacob, H. R., Cozad, D., & Castle, K. (2025) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-80592-228-520251008 · Cited by 1
Wilkins, B. P., & Djouma, E. (2025) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1002/bcp.70345 · Cited by 1
“84 To ensure that AI is integrated effectively into teaching and learning, there is a need for more ongoing research, clearer guidelines and comprehensive training initiatives.”
Beyond the lesson plan: Reflective practice as a catalyst for teacher professional growth
Harsono, A. M. B., Mahmudah, F. N., Putra, E. C. S., Rahman, A., Dewantara, B. A., Arsyad, M. Z. T., & Alfarisa, F. (2025) · Priviet Social Sciences Journal · doi:10.55942/pssj.v5i11.698 · Cited by 2
“AI has the potential of alleviating teachers’ digital workload, thereby allowing them to devote more time to planning and reflective decision-making (Lee et al., 2024; Mai et al., 2024).”
Assessment in Higher Education in the Era of Generative AI
Eren, S. U. N. A., & Özer, M. (2025) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-7579-3.ch008 · Cited by 1
Gül, F. Ö. (2025) · Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning · doi:10.31681/jetol.1781815 · Cited by 1
Samaty, H. S. E., & Albadi, N. (2026) · Alexandria Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.aej.2026.01.012 · Cited by 1
Turner, C. C., Thao, A. B., & Adorador, G. (2026) · Journal of Political Science Education · doi:10.1080/15512169.2026.2619831 · Cited by 1
Natural intelligence, not artificial: a Confucian reframing of generative AI in higher education
Hou, Y. (2026) · Ethics and Education · doi:10.1080/17449642.2026.2629430 · Cited by 2
“These applications have been shown to significantly reduce teachers’ workload and enhance productivity, including substantial time savings in grading and content preparation (Lee et al. 2024; Rudolph, Tan, and Aspland 2023).”
Engineering the future classroom: factors influencing the sustained use of XR technologies
Khlaif, Z. N., Mousa, A., & Sanmugam, M. (2026) · Technology Pedagogy and Education · doi:10.1080/1475939x.2026.2616480 · Cited by 1
“The integration of emerging technologies, including XR, plays a pivotal role in this transformation, as it supports open-access content, fosters equity in learning and promotes quality education (Lee et al., 2024).”
Generative AI in Academia: How Engineering Students Perceive and Approach Ethical Challenges?
Hariyanto, D., Rafiq, A. A., Triyono, M. B., Murniati, D. E., Adinda, D., & Prihandini, T. F. (2026) · International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) · doi:10.3991/ijoe.v22i02.59281 · Cited by 2
Song, R., Alias, A. B., & Jamaludin, K. A. (2026) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2026.1760298 · Cited by 1
A Multi-Year Survey of Use and Perceptions of Generative AI in Higher Education
Crescenzi, A., Choi, B., Huang, P.-P., Gautier, E., Little, R., & Pandya, S. (2026) · Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval · doi:10.1145/3786304.3787867 · Cited by 3
“Despite strong interest, institutions seem to have been slower to establish the necessary support and governance structures [2, 32], especially for staff and administrators [5].”
InfluentialMadwe, M. C. (2026) · International Journal of Sustainability in Business and Economics · doi:10.51137/wrp.ijsbe.575 · Cited by 1
Challenges and Risks of AI in Academic Writing Based on Student Perspectives
Giray, L., Fabros, B. G., & Digo, G. S. (2026) · Journal of Academic Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10805-026-09723-6 · Cited by 2
Delvenne, J. (2026) · Psychology Learning & Teaching · doi:10.1177/14757257261427151 · Cited by 1
“…exercises between students and GenAI can stimulate metacognitive awareness, while classroom tasks that require students to critique or re fi ne AI-generated drafts draw directly on psychology ’ s strengths in analytical reasoning and re fl ective practice (Lee et al., 2024; Malik et al., 2025).”
InfluentialAI Literacy and Academic Integrity
Mataranyika, T., Makhafola, L., & Clarke, A. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-4521-5.ch001 · Cited by 1
Ugon, J., Pierce, C., Cain, A., & Laird, B. (2026) · Australasian Computing Education Conference · doi:10.1145/3786228.3786244 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Lee, D., Arnold, M., Srivastava, A., Plastow, K., Strelan, P., Ploeckl, F., Lekkas, D., & Palmer, E.
- Affiliations
- The University of Adelaide (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Daniel
- ORCID
- Venue
- Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-06
- Volume
- 6
- Pages
- 100221
- ISSN
- 2666-920X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4394934695
- Semantic Scholar
- 1517ab19bd54ff13f1431562c12955cc0e27ab83
- Cited by
- 402
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 195 · 2025: 165 · 2024: 42
- FWCI
- 151.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- Locations
- Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Artificial Intelligence in Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Social Sciences › Education › Digital Transformation of Higher Education
- Keywords
- generative AI, higher education, teacher perceptions, academic integrity, AI in teaching, assessment design, faculty readiness
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