Genetic p53 Deficiency Partially Rescues the Adrenocortical Dysplasia Phenotype at the Expense of Increased Tumorigenesis
Open accessAbstract
Telomere dysfunction and shortening induce chromosomal instability and tumorigenesis. In this study, we analyze the adrenocortical dysplasia (acd) mouse, harboring a mutation in Tpp1/Acd. Additional loss of p53 dramatically rescues the acd phenotype in an organ-specific manner, including skin hyperpigmentation and adrenal morphology, but not germ cell atrophy. Survival to weaning age is significantly increased in Acd(acd/acd) p53(-/-) mice. On the contrary, p53(-/-) and p53(+/-) mice with the Acd(acd/acd) genotype show a decreased tumor-free survival, compared with Acd(+/+) mice. Tumors from Acd(acd/acd) p53(+/-) mice show a striking switch from the classic spectrum of p53(-/-) mice toward carcinomas. The acd mouse model provides further support for an in vivo role of telomere deprotection in tumorigenesis.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
TPP1 mutant mice develop adrenocortical dysplasia and other developmental abnormalities largely rescued by p53 deficiency.
“mice mutant for the telomerebinding protein TPP1 develop adrenocortical dysplasia (acd) and other developmental abnormalities that are largely rescued by p53 deficiency (109,110).”
From Telomeres and telomerase in cancer (2010) · cites this paper as [109]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Mice deficient for p53 are developmentally normal but susceptible to spontaneous tumours
Donehower, L. A., Harvey, M., Slagle, B. L., McArthur, M. J., Montgomery, C. A., Butel, J. S., & Bradley, A. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/356215a0 · Cited by 4,649 · see citing works
Shelterin: the protein complex that shapes and safeguards human telomeres
de Lange, T. (2005) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1346005 · Cited by 3,056 · see citing works
Telomere Shortening and Tumor Formation by Mouse Cells Lacking Telomerase RNA
Blasco, M. A., Lee, H.-W., Hande, M. P., Samper, E., Lansdorp, P. M., DePinho, R. A., & Greider, C. W. (1997) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(01)80006-4 · Cited by 2,108 · see citing works
Tumor spectrum analysis in p53-mutant mice
Jacks, T., Remington, L., Williams, B. O., Schmitt, E. M., Halachmi, S., Bronson, R. T., & Weinberg, R. A. (1994) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00002-6 · Cited by 2,051 · see citing works
TRF2 Protects Human Telomeres from End-to-End Fusions
van Steensel, B., Smogorzewska, A., & de Lange, T. (1998) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80932-0 · Cited by 1,709 · see citing works
Telomeres and human disease: ageing, cancer and beyond
Blasco, M. A. (2005) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg1656 · Cited by 1,690 · see citing works
Longevity, Stress Response, and Cancer in Aging Telomerase-Deficient Mice
Rudolph, K. L., Chang, S., Lee, H.-W., Blasco, M., Gottlieb, G. J., Greider, C., & DePinho, R. A. (1999) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80580-2 · Cited by 1,349 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Cancer Cell 15, 465–476, June 2, 2009 ª2009 Elsevier Inc. 465 with late-generation Terc / and Tert / mice (Lee et al., 1998; Liu et al., 2000; Rudolph et al., 1999).”
BackgroundInfluentialAn Extended Transcriptional Network for Pluripotency of Embryonic Stem Cells
Kim, J., Chu, J., Shen, X., Wang, J., & Orkin, S. H. (2008) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.02.039 · Cited by 1,321 · see citing works
Essential role of mouse telomerase in highly proliferative organs
Lee, H.-W., Blasco, M. A., Gottlieb, G. J., Horner, J. W., Greider, C. W., & DePinho, R. A. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/33345 · Cited by 1,270 · cited 6× · see citing works
“Male germ cells have a very high proliferative rate and, therefore, seem to depend more than other tissues on telomere integrity and perhaps telomerase activity (Hemann et al., 2001; Lee et al., 1998).”
BackgroundInfluentialTelomere dysfunction promotes non-reciprocal translocations and epithelial cancers in mice
Artandi, S. E., Chang, S., Lee, S.-L., Alson, S., Gottlieb, G. J., Chin, L., & DePinho, R. A. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35020592 · Cited by 1,085 · see citing works
Greider, C. W. (1996) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.65.070196.002005 · Cited by 1,021 · see citing works
Chin, L., Artandi, S. E., Shen, Q., Tam, A., Lee, S.-L., Gottlieb, G. J., Greider, C. W., & DePinho, R. A. (1999) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80762-x · Cited by 979 · cited 11× · see citing works
“Telomere dysfunction of Terc / mice leads to the accumulation of genomic alterations and the development of tumors (Chin et al., 1999).”
InfluentialZanaria, E., Muscatelli, F., Bardoni, B., Strom, T. M., Guioli, S., Guo, W., Lalli, E., Moser, C., Walker, A. P., McCabe, E. R. B., et al. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/372635a0 · Cited by 858 · see citing works
Central role of p53 in the suntan response and pathologic hyperpigmentation
Cui, R., Widlund, H. R., Feige, E., Lin, J. Y., Wilensky, D. L., Igras, V. E., D'Orazio, J., Fung, C. Y., Schanbacher, C. F., Granter, S. R., et al. (2007) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.045 · Cited by 657 · see citing works
DNA processing is not required for ATM-mediated telomere damage response after TRF2 deletion
Celli, G. B., & de Lange, T. (2005) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb1275 · Cited by 623 · see citing works
Connecting Chromosomes, Crisis, and Cancer
Maser, R. S., & DePinho, R. A. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.297.5581.565 · Cited by 561 · see citing works
Telomere dysfunction and evolution of intestinal carcinoma in mice and humans
Rudolph, K. L., Millard, M., Bosenberg, M. W., & DePinho, R. A. (2001) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/88871 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
TPP1 is a homologue of ciliate TEBP-β and interacts with POT1 to recruit telomerase
Xin, H., Liu, D., Wan, M., Safari, A., Kim, H., Sun, W., O’Connor, M. S., & Songyang, Z. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05469 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
Different telomere damage signaling pathways in human and mouse cells
Smogorzewska, A., & de Lange, T. (2002) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf433 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
Ye, J. Z.-S., Hockemeyer, D., Krutchinsky, A. N., Loayza, D., Hooper, S. M., Chait, B. T., & de Lange, T. (2004) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1215404 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
PTOP interacts with POT1 and regulates its localization to telomeres
Liu, D., Safari, A., O'Connor, M. S., Chan, D. W., Laegeler, A., Qin, J., & Songyang, Z. (2004) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb1142 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Conditional telomerase induction causes proliferation of hair follicle stem cells
Sarin, K. Y., Cheung, P., Gilison, D., Lee, E., Tennen, R. I., Wang, E., Artandi, M. K., Oro, A. E., & Artandi, S. E. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03836 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
Wu, L., Multani, A. S., He, H., Cosme-Blanco, W., Deng, Y., Deng, J. M., Bachilo, O., Pathak, S., Tahara, H., Bailey, S. M., et al. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.05.037 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Hockemeyer, D., Daniels, J.-P., Takai, H., & de Lange, T. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.04.044 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
In situ analyses of genome instability in breast cancer
Chin, K., de Solorzano, C. O., Knowles, D., Jones, A., Chou, W., Rodriguez, E. G., Kuo, W.-L., Ljung, B.-M., Chew, K., Myambo, K., et al. (2004) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1409 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Choi, J., Southworth, L. K., Sarin, K. Y., Venteicher, A. S., Ma, W., Chang, W., Cheung, P., Jun, S., Artandi, M. K., Shah, N., et al. (2008) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0040010 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
A critical role for telomeres in suppressing and facilitating carcinogenesis
Artandi, S. E., & DePinho, R. A. (2000) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(99)00047-7 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Telomere Length Dynamics and Chromosomal Instability in Cells Derived from Telomerase Null Mice
Hande, M. P., Samper, E., Lansdorp, P., & Blasco, M. A. (1999) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.144.4.589 · Cited by 313 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Furthermore, a hallmark of telomere dysfunction in Terc / mice is the presence of chromosomal fusions lacking telomere signals at the fusion site (Hande et al., 1999).”
BackgroundInfluentialHoughtaling, B. R., Cuttonaro, L., Chang, W., & Smith, S. H. (2004) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.08.052 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Enders, G. C., & May, J. J. (1994) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1006/dbio.1994.1152 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Dysfunctional telomeres activate an ATM‐ATR‐dependent DNA damage response to suppress tumorigenesis
Guo, X., Deng, Y., Lin, Y., Cosme‐Blanco, W., Chan, S., He, H., Yuan, G., Brown, E. J., & Chang, S. (2007) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7601893 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
A critical role for TPP1 and TIN2 interaction in high-order telomeric complex assembly
O’Connor, M. S., Safari, A., Xin, H., Liu, D., & Songyang, Z. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0605303103 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Telomere dysfunction provokes regional amplification and deletion in cancer genomes
O'Hagan, R. C., Chang, S., Maser, R. S., Mohan, R., Artandi, S. E., Chin, L., & DePinho, R. A. (2002) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/s1535-6108(02)00094-6 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
The telomerase reverse transcriptase is limiting and necessary for telomerase function in vivo
Liu, Y., Snow, B. E., Hande, M. P., Yeung, D., Erdmann, N. J., Wakeham, A., Itie, A., Siderovski, D. P., Lansdorp, P. M., Robinson, M. O., et al. (2000) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00805-8 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Significant Role for p16INK4a in p53-Independent Telomere-Directed Senescence
Jacobs, J. J. L., & de Lange, T. (2004) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.12.025 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Wild-derived inbred mouse strains have short telomeres
Hemann, M. T. (2000) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/28.22.4474 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Cosme‐Blanco, W., Shen, M., Lazar, A. J. F., Pathak, S., Lozano, G., Multani, A. S., & Chang, S. (2007) · The EMBO Reports · doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400937 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Telomere protection by mammalian Pot1 requires interaction with Tpp1
Hockemeyer, D. F., Palm, W., Else, T., Daniels, J., Takai, K., Ye, J. Z.-S., Keegan, C. E., de Lange, T., & Hammer, G. D. (2007) · Nature Structural & Molecular Biology · doi:10.1038/nsmb1270 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Self-citationTargeted Deletion Reveals an Essential Function for the Telomere Length Regulator Trf1
Karlseder, J., Kachatrian, L., Takai, H., Mercer, K. L., Hingorani, S. R., Jacks, T., & de Lange, T. (2003) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.23.18.6533-6541.2003 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Chida, D., Nakagawa, S., Nagai, S., Sagara, H., Katsumata, H., Imaki, T., Suzuki, H., Mitani, F., Ogishima, T., Shimizu, C., et al. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0706953104 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Telomere Dysfunction Triggers Developmentally Regulated Germ Cell Apoptosis
Hemann, M. T., Rudolph, K. L., Strong, M. A., DePinho, R. A., Chin, L., & Greider, C. W. (2001) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.12.7.2023 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Farazi, P. A., Glickman, J. N., Jiang, S., Yu, A., Rudolph, K. L., & DePinho, R. A. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Younger Age of Cancer Initiation Is Associated with Shorter Telomere Length in Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
Tabori, U. Y., Nanda, S., Druker, H. A., Lees, J., & Malkin, D. M. (2007) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-3682 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Poncet, D., Belleville, A., de Roodenbeke, C. T., de Climens, A. R., Simon, E. B., Merle‐Béral, H., Callet‐Bauchu, E., Salles, G., Sabatier, L., Delić, J., et al. (2007) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2007-09-111245 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Tyrosinase Gene Expression is Regulated by p53
Khlgatian, M. K., Hadshiew, I., Asawanonda, P., Yaar, M., Eller, M. S., Gilchrest, B. A., Fujita, M., & Norris, D. A. (2002) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01667.x · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Genetic analysis of adrenal absence: agenesis and aplasia
Else, T., & Hammer, G. D. (2005) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2005.10.004 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationNovel role for the orphan nuclear receptor Dax1 in embryogenesis, different from steroidogenesis
Niakan, K. K., Davis, E. C., Clipsham, R. C., Jiang, M., Dehart, D. B., Sulik, K. K., & McCabe, E. R. B. (2006) · Molecular Genetics and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2005.12.010 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Telomeres and telomerase in cancer stem cells
Ju, Z., & Rudolph, K. L. (2006) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2006.01.040 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Chiang, Y. J., Kim, S., Tessarollo, L., Campisi, J., & Hodes, R. J. (2004) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.24.15.6631-6634.2004 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Mendiola, M., Carrillo, J., García, E., Lalli, E., Hernández, T., de Álava, E., Tirode, F., Delattre, O., García‐Miguel, P., López‐Barea, F., et al. (2005) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.21578 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Mutational Analysis of DAX1 in Patients with Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism or Pubertal Delay
Achermann, J. C., Gu, W.-X., Kotlar, T. J., Meeks, J. J., Sabacan, L. P., Seminara, S. B., Habiby, R. L., Hindmarsh, P. C., Bick, D. P., Sherins, R. J., et al. (1999) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.84.12.6269 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Feig, C., Kirchhoff, C., Ivell, R., Naether, O., Schulze, W., & Spiess, A. (2006) · Molecular Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/molehr/gal097 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Keegan, C. E., Hutz, J. E., Else, T., Adamska, M., Shah, S. P., Kent, A. E., Howes, J. M., Beamer, W. G., & Hammer, G. D. (2005) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddi011 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationA cell-specific nuclear receptor plays essential roles in adrenal and gonadal development
Luo, X., Ikeda, Y., Lala, D. S., Baity, L. A., Meade, J. C., & Parker, K. L. (1995) · Endocrine Research · doi:10.3109/07435809509030469 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Evaluation of Telomere Length Maintenance Mechanisms in Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Else, T., Giordano, T. J., & Hammer, G. D. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1840 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationAdrenocortical dysplasia: a mouse model system for adrenocortical insufficiency
Beamer, W. G., Sweet, H. O., Bronson, R. T., Shire, J. G. M., Orth, D. N., & Davisson, M. T. (1994) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.1410033 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Telomere shortening and cell fates in mouse models of neoplasia
Artandi, S. E. (2002) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/s1471-4914(01)02222-5 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Vega, F., Cho‐Vega, J. H., Lennon, P. A., Luthra, M. G., Bailey, J., Breeden, M., Jones, D. M., Medeiros, L. J., & Luthra, R. (2008) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07176.x · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Tpp1/Acd maintains genomic stability through a complex role in telomere protection
Else, T., Theisen, B. K., Wu, Y., Hutz, J., Keegan, C. E., Hammer, G. D., & Ferguson, D. O. (2007) · Chromosome Research · doi:10.1007/s10577-007-1175-5 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationAtoyan, R., Sharov, A. A., Eller, M. S., Sargsyan, A., Botchkarev, V. A., & Gilchrest, B. A. (2007) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00582.x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Schrader, M., Müller, M., Schulze, W., Heicappell, R., Krause, H., Straub, B., & Miller, K. (2002) · International Journal of Andrology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2605.2002.00321.x · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Hadshiew, I., Barre, K., Bodó, E., Funk, W., & Paus, R. (2008) · Archives of Dermatological Research · doi:10.1007/s00403-008-0833-6 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Meeker AK Gage WR Hicks JL Simon I Coffman JR Platz EA March GE De Marzo AM 2002 Telomere length assessment in human archival tissues: combined telomere fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunostaining Am J Pathol 160 1259 1268 11943711 PMC1867217
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Telomere-driven diseases and telomere-targeting therapies
Martínez, P., & Blasco, M. A. (2017) · Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.201610111 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
“Terc−/− p53−/− Earlier onset lymphoma/sarcoma, epithelial carcinoma Chin et al., 1999 Terc−/− Msh2−/− Lymphoma/carcinoma Martinez et al., 2009a Trf1lox/lox K5-cre p53−/− Squamous cell carcinoma Martínez et al., 2009b Pot1alox/lox p53lox/lox hCD2-iCre T cell lymphomas Pinzaru et al., 2016 Pot1alox/lox p53lox/lox Sprr2f…”
BackgroundInfluentialDevelopment of adrenal cortex zonation
Xing, Y., Lerario, A. M., Rainey, W., & Hammer, G. D. (2015) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2015.02.001 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Self-citationThe E3 ubiquitin ligase Rnf8 stabilizes Tpp1 to promote telomere end protection.
Rai, R., Li, J.-M., Zheng, H., Lok, G. T.-M., Deng, Y., Huen, M. S.-Y., Chen, J., Jin, J., & Chang, S. (2011) · Nature Structural & Molecular Biology · doi:10.1038/nsmb.2172 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Towards an understanding of the role of p53 in adrenocortical carcinogenesis
Wasserman, J. D., Zambetti, G. P., & Malkin, D. (2012) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2011.09.010 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
- Authors
- Else, T., Trovato, A., Kim, A. C., Wu, Y., Ferguson, D. O., Kuick, R. D., Lucas, P. C., & Hammer, G. D.
- Affiliations
- Michigan Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Else, Tobias
- Hammer, Gary D.
- Venue
- Cancer Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-06
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 465-476
- ISSN
- 1535-6108 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2703790
- OpenAlex
- W1988175238
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 6.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cancer Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK062027)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Keywords
- p53 deficiency, telomere dysfunction, chromosomal instability, carcinogenesis, hyperpigmentation, adrenal morphology, tumor-free survival, carcinoma, mouse model
- MeSH terms
- Adrenal Cortex, Animals, Carcinoma, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Female, Lymphoma, Male, Mice, Transgenic, Organ Specificity, Phenotype, Sarcoma, Skin Neoplasms, Skin Pigmentation, Spermatogenesis, Testis, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, Telomere, Telomere-Binding Proteins, Chromosomal Instability, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
