Telomere dysfunction promotes non-reciprocal translocations and epithelial cancers in mice
Abstract
Aged humans sustain a high rate of epithelial cancers such as carcinomas of the breast and colon, whereas mice carrying common tumour suppressor gene mutations typically develop soft tissue sarcomas and lymphomas. Among the many factors that may contribute to this species variance are differences in telomere length and regulation. Telomeres comprise the nucleoprotein complexes that cap the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes and are maintained by the reverse transcriptase, telomerase. In human cells, insufficient levels of telomerase lead to telomere attrition with cell division in culture and possibly with ageing and tumorigenesis in vivo. In contrast, critical reduction in telomere length is not observed in the mouse owing to promiscuous telomerase expression and long telomeres. Here we provide evidence that telomere attrition in ageing telomerase-deficient p53 mutant mice promotes the development of epithelial cancers by a process of fusion-bridge breakage that leads to the formation of complex non-reciprocal translocations--a classical cytogenetic feature of human carcinomas. Our data suggest a model in which telomere dysfunction brought about by continual epithelial renewal during life generates the massive ploidy changes associated with the development of epithelial cancers.
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p53 deficiency in mTerc-/- mice results in near-complete rescue of adverse cellular consequences associated with telomere dysfunction, including cellular growth arrest and apoptosis, progressive organ system atrophy, and physiological compromise.
“Specifically, p53 deficiency results in nearcomplete rescue of adverse cellular consequences associated with telomere dysfunction, including cellular growth arrest and apoptosis, progressive organ system atrophy, and physiological compromise.”
From <i>Ink4a</i> / <i>Arf</i> tumor suppressor does not modulate the degenerative conditions or tumor spectrum of the telomerase-deficient mouse (2007) · cites this paper as [5]
mTerc-/- p53 mutant mice experience a dramatic increase in cancer incidence, a shift in tumor spectrum toward epithelial cancers, and accumulation of marked chromosomal aberrations targeting cancer-relevant loci.
“Although enabling cellular growth and survival and masking degenerative phenotypes, these mTerc -/ -p53 mutant mice experience a dramatic increase in cancer incidence, shift in tumor spectrum toward epithelial cancers, and accumulation of marked chromosomal aberrations targeting cancerrelevant loci for amplification and deletion (4-6).”
From <i>Ink4a</i> / <i>Arf</i> tumor suppressor does not modulate the degenerative conditions or tumor spectrum of the telomerase-deficient mouse (2007) · cites this paper as [5]
Telomere dysfunction has been shown to dramatically affect the tumor spectrum of late-generation mTerc-/- p53 mutant mice.
“Telomere dysfunction has been shown to dramatically affect the tumor spectrum of late-generation mTerc -/ -p53 mutant mice (5).”
From <i>Ink4a</i> / <i>Arf</i> tumor suppressor does not modulate the degenerative conditions or tumor spectrum of the telomerase-deficient mouse (2007) · cites this paper as [5]
When the p53 checkpoint is compromised, unchecked genomic instability caused by telomere dysfunction accelerates tumorigenesis as seen in late-generation mTerc-/- p53 mutant mice.
“When the p53 checkpoint is compromised, unchecked genomic instability caused by telomere dysfunction accelerates tumorigenesis as seen in late-generation mTerc -/ -p53 mutant mice (4, 5).”
From <i>Ink4a</i> / <i>Arf</i> tumor suppressor does not modulate the degenerative conditions or tumor spectrum of the telomerase-deficient mouse (2007) · cites this paper as [5]
The ongoing genomic instability permitted by p53 deficiency allowed for emergence of tumors with more complex karyotypes, reflected in a shift in tumor spectrum, from lymphomas and sarcomas in a setting of intact telomeres toward epithelial cancers in mice with telomere dysfunction.
“The ongoing genomic instability permitted by p53 deficiency allowed for emergence of tumors with more complex karyotypes, reflected in a shift in tumor spectrum, from lymphomas and sarcomas in a setting of intact telomeres toward epithelial cancers in mice with telomere dysfunction (5).”
From <i>Ink4a</i> / <i>Arf</i> tumor suppressor does not modulate the degenerative conditions or tumor spectrum of the telomerase-deficient mouse (2007) · cites this paper as [5]
Genome instability in cells undergoing telomere crisis was initially found to cause aneuploidy, translocations, loss of heterozygosity, and regional amplification through breakage-fusion-bridge cycles.
“Genome instability in cells undergoing telomere crisis was initially found to give rise to chromosome gains and losses (aneuploidy), translocations, gene loss (manifested as loss of heterozygosity (LOH)) and regional amplification through breakage–fusion–bridge (BFB) cycles1,80,83.”
From Telomeres in cancer: tumour suppression and genome instability (2017) · cites this paper as [1]
Malignant progression requires a period similar to telomere crisis that can result in large-scale genome rearrangements commonly seen in tumors.
“These observations indicate that malignant progression requires a period similar to the telomere crisis that can result in large-scale genome rearrangements of the kind commonly seen in tumors [349,351].”
From Mechanisms and Regulation of Cellular Senescence (2021) · cites this paper as [351]
p53-mutant mice are cancer prone but their predilection for mesenchymal and lymphoid malignancies rather than epithelial cancers does not match the tumor types most commonly possessing p53 mutations in humans.
“while p53-mutant mice are cancer prone, we noted that their predilection for mesenchymal and lymphoid malignancies, rather than epithelial cancers, did not represent the tumor types most commonly possessing p53 mutations in humans (101,102).”
From Telomeres and telomerase in cancer (2010) · cites this paper as [102]
Late generation mTerc−/− p53+/− mice emerged with a tumor spectrum resembling aged humans: carcinomas of skin, breast, and intestine with cytogenetic hallmarks of telomere dysfunction.
“As a further demonstration of the impact of p53 status on dysfunctional telomere-induced tumor growth, late generation mTerc−/− p53+/− mice emerged with a tumor spectrum that strikingly resembled those of aged humans: carcinomas of the skin, breast, and intestine with cytogenetic hallmarks of telomere dysfunction emerged as the largest group of tumors47.”
From Telomere dysfunction and tumour suppression: the senescence connection (2008) · cites this paper as [47]
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Recent advances in telomere biology: implications for human cancer
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Telomere fusions in early human breast carcinoma
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Removing all obstacles: A critical role for p53 in promoting tissue renewal
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Telomere fusion to chromosome breaks reduces oncogenic translocations and tumour formation
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Reproductive aging and telomeres: Are women and men equally affected?
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Telomeric 8-Oxoguanine Drives Rapid Premature Senescence In The Absence Of Telomere Shortening
Barnes, R. P., de Rosa, M., Thosar, S. A., Detwiler, A. C., Roginskaya, V., Van Houten, B., Bruchez, M. P., Stewart-Ornstein, J., & Opresko, P. L. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.05.05.442662
- Authors
- Artandi, S. E., Chang, S., Lee, S.-L., Alson, S., Gottlieb, G. J., Chin, L., & DePinho, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Ackerman Academy of Dermatopathology (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- DePinho, Ronald A.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2000-08
- Volume
- 406
- Issue
- 6796
- Pages
- 641-645
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1676646253
- Semantic Scholar
- 5ea5ff3c58fa72077ce84c8ac3bbecb76b2a9ece
- Cited by
- 1,085
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 51 · 2012: 58
- FWCI
- 40.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Universidad CES
- National Institute on Aging (K08AG001019)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
- Keywords
- telomere dysfunction, non-reciprocal translocation, epithelial cancers, telomerase deficiency, telomere shortening, chromosomal instability, tumor suppressor, aging, carcinoma, ploidy changes, epithelial regeneration
- MeSH terms
- Adenocarcinoma, Aging, Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Humans, Karyotyping, Lymphoma, Male, Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental, Mutation, Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial, Sarcoma, Experimental, Translocation, Genetic, Genes, p53, Telomere, Telomerase, Mice
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