Development of adrenal cortex zonation

Xing, Yewei; Lerario, Antonio M.; Rainey, William; Hammer, Gary D.

doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2015.02.001

Cited by 174Adrenal Hormones and DisordersHormonal Regulation and HypertensionDevelopmental Biology and Gene Regulation

Development of adrenal cortex zonation

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Xing, Yewei, Lerario, Antonio M., Rainey, William, Hammer, Gary D.·2015·Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America

DOI 10.1016/j.ecl.2015.02.001PMC PMC4486052

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Abstract

The human adult adrenal cortex is composed of the zona glomerulosa (zG), zona fasciculata (zF), and zona reticularis (zR), which are responsible for production of mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and adrenal androgens, respectively. The final completion of cortical zonation in humans does not occur until puberty with the establishment of the zR and its production of adrenal androgens; a process called adrenarche. The maintenance of the adrenal cortex involves the centripetal displacement and differentiation of peripheral Sonic hedgehog-positive progenitors cells into zG cells that later transition to zF cells and subsequently zR cells.

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Mean Hounsfield unit scores for pheochromocytoma are 30 to 35, with only 0.5% of pheochromocytomas having an unenhanced CT attenuation of 10 HU or less.
“Mean HU scores for pheochromocytoma are 30 to 35 (197) with only 0.5% of pheochromocytoma having an unenhanced CT attenuation of ≤10 HU (97,197,198).”
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Adrenarche generally begins at about age 6 years, several years before activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (gonadarche).
“This maturational process generally begins at about age 6 years, several years before activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (gonadarche).9”
From Pubertal development and regulation (2016) · cites this paper as [9]

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Familial adenomatous polyposis associated with multiple adrenal adenomas in a patient with a rare 3′ APC mutation
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A Novel Missense Mutation in Dax-1 with an Unusual Presentation of X-Linked Adrenal Hypoplasia Congenita
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[19]Luo X Ikeda Y Parker KL A cell-specific nuclear receptor is essential for adrenal and gonadal development and sexual differentiation Cell 1994 77 4 481 490 8187173
[136]Berthon A Drelon C Ragazzon B Boulkroun S Tissier F Amar L WNT/beta-catenin signalling is activated in aldosterone-producing adenomas and controls aldosterone production Hum Mol Genet 2014 23 4 889 905 24087794

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Authors: Xing, Y., Lerario, A. M., Rainey, W., & Hammer, G. D.
Affiliations: University of Michigan (US)
Corresponding author: Hammer, Gary D.
ORCID: Rainey, William
Hammer, Gary D.
Venue: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2015-06
Volume: 44
Issue: 2
Pages: 243-274
ISSN: 0889-8529 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2015.02.001
PMC: PMC4486052
OpenAlex: W1605945857
Cited by: 174
References: 232
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1
FWCI: 1.92
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK020572, R01DK062027)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
Keywords: adrenal cortex zonation, zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis, adrenarche, puberty, Sonic hedgehog, progenitor cells, adrenal androgens, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, adrenal development
MeSH terms: Adrenal Cortex, Androgens, Cell Differentiation, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Mineralocorticoids, Puberty, Stem Cells, Zona Fasciculata, Zona Glomerulosa, Zona Reticularis, Hedgehog Proteins

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