The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Integrated Genomic Analysis Identifies Clinically Relevant Subtypes of Glioblastoma Characterized by Abnormalities in PDGFRA, IDH1, EGFR, and NF1
Open accessAbstract
The Cancer Genome Atlas Network recently cataloged recurrent genomic abnormalities in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). We describe a robust gene expression-based molecular classification of GBM into Proneural, Neural, Classical, and Mesenchymal subtypes and integrate multidimensional genomic data to establish patterns of somatic mutations and DNA copy number. Aberrations and gene expression of EGFR, NF1, and PDGFRA/IDH1 each define the Classical, Mesenchymal, and Proneural subtypes, respectively. Gene signatures of normal brain cell types show a strong relationship between subtypes and different neural lineages. Additionally, response to aggressive therapy differs by subtype, with the greatest benefit in the Classical subtype and no benefit in the Proneural subtype. We provide a framework that unifies transcriptomic and genomic dimensions for GBM molecular stratification with important implications for future studies.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“High-throughput genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic profiling of glioblastoma cells revealed three main subtypes harboring distinct molecular and phenotypic landscapes that affect response to the therapy and clinical outcome: mesenchymal, proneural, and classical subtypes.96,97,98,99,100”
From MiR-128-3p – a gray eminence of the human central nervous system (2024) · cites this paper as [96]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Although PDGFRA is a frequent target of genomic amplification and gain-of-function mutations in glioblastoma (15%), such alterations are rare in IDH mutant tumors23,24.”
From Insulator dysfunction and oncogene activation in IDH mutant gliomas (2016) · cites this paper as [24]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Although PDGFRA is a frequent target of genomic amplification and gain-of-function mutations in glioblastoma (15%), such alterations are rare in IDH mutant tumors23,24.”
From Insulator dysfunction and oncogene activation in IDH mutant gliomas (2016) · cites this paper as [24]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Nonetheless, IDH mutant gliomas strongly express PDGFRA (Fig. 2b), and share the proneural transcriptional program characteristic of PDGFRA-amplified tumors23,24.”
From Insulator dysfunction and oncogene activation in IDH mutant gliomas (2016) · cites this paper as [24]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The prevalence of p53 mutations differs in the different GBM molecular subtypes (proneural, mesenchymal, neural and classical) (54%, 32%, 21% and 0%, respectively) [15].”
From The p53 Pathway in Glioblastoma (2018) · cites this paper as [15]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Crucially, the levels of miR-128-3p forms can also differ depending on the genetic and molecular background, as they correlated with the glioblastoma subtypes, with the most reduced expression in the most aggressive mesenchymal one.96,113”
From MiR-128-3p – a gray eminence of the human central nervous system (2024) · cites this paper as [96]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“For example, upregulation of PDGFRA, platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha, is a hallmark of the proneural subtype [15].”
From The p53 Pathway in Glioblastoma (2018) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“While glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor26–28, it is still classified as a “rare” disease, as its incidence rate (i.e., 3/100,000 people) is substantially lower than the rare disease definition rate (i.e., <10/100,000 people)24.”
From Federated learning enables big data for rare cancer boundary detection (2022) · cites this paper as [27]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Silhouettes: A graphical aid to the interpretation and validation of cluster analysis
Rousseeuw, P. J. (1987) · Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics · doi:10.1016/0377-0427(87)90125-7 · Cited by 21,392
In silico prediction of protein-protein interactions in human macrophages
Souiai, O., Guerfali, F. Z., Miled, S. B., Brun, C., & Benkahla, A. (2014) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/1756-0500-7-157 · Cited by 10,785
Significance analysis of microarrays applied to the ionizing radiation response
Tusher, V. G., Tibshirani, R., & Chu, G. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.091062498 · Cited by 10,568
DAVID: Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery
Dennis, G., Sherman, B. T., Hosack, D. A., Yang, J., Gao, W., Lane, H. C., & Lempicki, R. A. (2003) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2003-4-5-p3 · Cited by 9,327
Comprehensive genomic characterization defines human glioblastoma genes and core pathways
The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07385 · Cited by 7,735
MGMT Gene Silencing and Benefit from Temozolomide in Glioblastoma
Hegi, M. E., Diserens, A.-C., Gorlia, T., Hamou, M.-F., de Tribolet, N., Weller, M., Kros, J. M., Hainfellner, J. A., Mason, W., Mariani, L., et al. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa043331 · Cited by 7,405
Epithelial–mesenchymal transitions in tumour progression
Thiery, J. P. (2002) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc822 · Cited by 6,767
IDH1 and IDH2 Mutations in Gliomas
Yan, H., Parsons, D. W., Jin, G., McLendon, R., Rasheed, B. A., Yuan, W., Kos, I., Batinic-Haberle, I., Jones, S., Riggins, G. J., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0808710 · Cited by 5,847
Summaries of Affymetrix GeneChip probe level data
Irizarry, R. A. (2003) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gng015 · Cited by 4,837
Systematic RNA interference reveals that oncogenic KRAS-driven cancers require TBK1
Barbie, D. A., Tamayo, P., Boehm, J. S., Kim, S. Y., Moody, S. E., Dunn, I. F., Schinzel, A. C., Sandy, P., Meylan, E., Scholl, C., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08460 · Cited by 3,922
Self-citationPHILLIPS, H. S., Kharbanda, S., Chen, R., Forrest, W. F., Soriano, R. H., Wu, T. D., Misra, A., Nigro, J. M., Colman, H., Soroceanu, L., et al. (2006) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2006.02.019 · Cited by 3,197
Cahoy, J. D., Emery, B., Kaushal, A., Foo, L. C., Zamanian, J. L., Christopherson, K. S., Xing, Y., Lubischer, J. L., Krieg, P. A., Krupenko, S. A., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4178-07.2008 · Cited by 3,129
Isolation and Characterization of Tumorigenic, Stem-like Neural Precursors from Human Glioblastoma
Galli, R., Binda, E., Orfanelli, U., Cipelletti, B., Gritti, A., Vitis, S. D., Fiocco, R., Foroni, C., DiMeco, F., & Vescovi, A. L. (2004) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-1364 · Cited by 2,570
Malignant astrocytic glioma: genetics, biology, and paths to treatment
Furnari, F. B., Fenton, T., Bachoo, R. M., Mukasa, A., Stommel, J. M., Stegh, A., Hahn, W. C., Ligon, K. L., Louis, D. N., Brennan, C., et al. (2007) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1596707 · Cited by 2,316
Self-citationCircular binary segmentation for the analysis of array-based DNA copy number data
Olshen, A. B., Venkatraman, E. S., Lucito, R., & Wigler, M. H. (2004) · Biostatistics · doi:10.1093/biostatistics/kxh008 · Cited by 2,304
Monti, S., Tamayo, P., Mesirov, J., & Golub, T. (2003) · Machine Learning · doi:10.1023/a:1023949509487 · Cited by 2,116
Self-citationWhitfield, M. L., Sherlock, G., Saldanha, A. J., Murray, J. I., Ball, C. A., Alexander, K. E., Matese, J. C., Perou, C. M., Hurt, M. M., Brown, P. O., et al. (2002) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.02-02-0030 · Cited by 1,527
Curran, W. J., Scott, C., Horton, J., Nelson, J. S., Weinstein, A. S., Fischbach, A. J., Chang, C., Rotman, M., Asbell, S., Krisch, R. E., et al. (1993) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/85.9.704 · Cited by 1,309
Epidemiology and etiology of gliomas
Ohgaki, H., & Kleihues, P. (2005) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-005-0991-y · Cited by 1,285
Beroukhim, R., Getz, G. A., Nghiemphu, L., Barretina, J., Hsueh, T., Linhart, D., Vivanco, I., Lee, J. C., Huang, J. H. Y., Alexander, S., et al. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0710052104 · Cited by 1,076
Self-citationNeural Stem Cells and the Origin of Gliomas
Sanai, N., Álvarez-Buylla, A., & Berger, M. S. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra043666 · Cited by 1,068
Nutt, C. L., Mani, D. R., Betensky, R. A., Tamayo, P., Cairncross, J. G., Ladd, C., Pohl, U., Hartmann, C. J., McLaughlin, M. E., Batchelor, T. T., et al. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 954
Self-citationNeuronal and glioma-derived stem cell factor induces angiogenesis within the brain
Sun, L., Hui, A.-M., Su, Q., Vortmeyer, A. O., Kotliarov, Y., Pastorino, S., Passaniti, A., Menon, J., Walling, J., Bailey, R., et al. (2006) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2006.03.003 · Cited by 883
Gene Expression Profiling of Gliomas Strongly Predicts Survival
Freije, W. A., Castro-Vargas, F. E., Fang, Z., Horvath, S., Cloughesy, T. F., Liau, L. M., Mischel, P. S., & Nelson, S. F. (2004) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-0452 · Cited by 745
Murat, A., Migliavacca, E., Gorlia, T., Lambiv, W. L., Shay, T., Hamou, M., de Tribolet, N., Regli, L., Wick, W., Kouwenhoven, M., et al. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2007.15.7164 · Cited by 741
Watanabe, K., Tachibana, O., Sato, K., Yonekawa, Y., Kleihues, P., & Ohgaki, H. (1996) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.1996.tb00848.x · Cited by 739
Neurofibromas in NF1: Schwann Cell Origin and Role of Tumor Environment
Zhu, Y., Ghosh, P., Charnay, P., Burns, D. K., & Parada, L. F. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1068452 · Cited by 633
Primary and secondary glioblastomas: From concept to clinical diagnosis
Kleihues, P., & Ohgaki, H. (1999) · Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1093/neuonc/1.1.44 · Cited by 595
Jackson, E., García-Verdugo, J., Gil-Perotín, S., Roy, M., Quiñones-Hinojosa, A., Vandenberg, S., & Álvarez-Buylla, A. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.06.012 · Cited by 587
Brennan, C., Momota, H., Hambardzumyan, D., Ozawa, T., Tandon, A., Pedraza, A. M., & Holland, E. C. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007752 · Cited by 554
Self-citationLigon, K. L., Huillard, E., Mehta, S. V., Kesari, S., Liu, H., Alberta, J. A., Bachoo, R. M., Kane, M., Louis, D. N., DePinho, R. A., et al. (2007) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.01.009 · Cited by 524
Liang, Y., Diehn, M., Watson, N. P., Bollen, A. W., Aldape, K. D., Nicholas, M. K., Lamborn, K. R., Berger, M. S., Botstein, D., Brown, P. O., et al. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0402870102 · Cited by 503
Hunter, C., Smith, R., Cahill, D. P., Stephens, P., Stevens, C., Teague, J. W., Greenman, C., Edkins, S., Bignell, G. R., Davies, H. R., et al. (2006) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-0127 · Cited by 431
Gene expression profiling identifies molecular subtypes of gliomas
Mehrian‐Shai, R., Shi, T., Kremen, T. J., Horvath, S., Liau, L. M., Cloughesy, T. F., Mischel, P. S., & Nelson, S. F. (2003) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206753 · Cited by 324
Scott, C., Scarantino, C. W., Urtasun, R. C., Movsas, B., Jones, C. U., Simpson, J. R., A.Jennifer Fischbach M.D., & Curran, W. J. (1998) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/s0360-3016(97)00485-9 · Cited by 323
Identification of molecular subtypes of glioblastoma by gene expression profiling
Mischel, P. S., Mehrian‐Shai, R., Shi, T., Horvath, S., Lu, K. V., Choe, G., Seligson, D. B., Kremen, T. J., Palotie, A. V., Liau, L. M., et al. (2003) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206344 · Cited by 272
Statistical Significance of Clustering for High-Dimension, Low–Sample Size Data
Liu, Y., Hayes, D. N., Nobel, A. B., & Marron, J. S. (2008) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1198/016214508000000454 · Cited by 269
Self-citationDistinct Transcription Profiles of Primary and Secondary Glioblastoma Subgroups
Tso, C.-L., Freije, W. A., Day, A., Chen, Z., Merriman, B., Perlina, A., Lee, Y., Dia, E. Q., Yoshimoto, K., Mischel, P. S., et al. (2006) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-0077 · Cited by 221
Neale, M. C., & Cardon, L. R. (1992) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-015-8018-2_12 · Cited by 207
Sequence survey of receptor tyrosine kinases reveals mutations in glioblastomas
Rand, V., Huang, J., Stockwell, T., Ferriera, S., Buzko, O. V., Lévy, S., Busam, D., Li, K., Edwards, J. B., Eberhart, C. G., et al. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0507200102 · Cited by 160
Ohgaki, H., Watanabe, K., Tachibana, O., Sato, K., & Kleihues, P. (1996) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/00005072-199605000-00017 · Cited by 155
Hodgson, J., Yeh, R.-F., Ray, A., Wang, N. J., Smirnov, I. V., Yu, M., Hariono, S., Silber, J., Feiler, H. S., Gray, J. W., et al. (2009) · Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1215/15228517-2008-113 · Cited by 149
Self-citationRuano, Y., Mollejo, M., Ribalta, T., Fiaño, C., Camacho, F. I., Gil‐Gómez, E., de Lope, Á. R., Hernández-Moneo, J.-L., Martínez, P., & Meléndez, B. (2006) · Molecular Cancer · doi:10.1186/1476-4598-5-39 · Cited by 125
Serum interleukin-10 levels in patients with advanced gastrointestinal malignancies
Vita, F. D., Orditura, M., Galizia, G., Romano, C. P., Infusino, S., Auriemma, A., Lieto, E., & Catalano, G. (1999) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19991115)86:10 · Cited by 93
Getting a GR(i)P on oligodendrocyte development
Noble, M., Pröschel, C., & Mayer-Pröschel, M. (2003) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2003.06.002 · Cited by 85
Kumabe, T., SOHMA, Y., Kayama, T., Yoshimoto, T., & Yamamoto, T. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 75
Liu, H., Zeebèrg, B. R., Qu, G., Koru, A. G., Ferrucci, A., Kahn, A., Ryan, M., Nuhanovic, A., Munson, P. J., Reinhold, W. C., et al. (2007) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btm360 · Cited by 74
Self-citationClaNC: point-and-click software for classifying microarrays to nearest centroids
Dabney, A. R. (2005) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bti756 · Cited by 48
matchprobes: a Bioconductor package for the sequence-matching of microarray probe elements
Huber, W. K., & Gentleman, R. C. (2004) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bth133 · Cited by 39
Early Genetic Changes Involved in Low-Grade Astrocytic Tumor Development
Arjona, D., REY, J. A., & Taylor, S. (2006) · Current Molecular Medicine · doi:10.2174/156652406778195017 · Cited by 18
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 52 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
GSVA: gene set variation analysis for microarray and RNA-Seq data
Hänzelmann, S., Castelo, R., & Guinney, J. (2013) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/1471-2105-14-7 · Cited by 15,440
Robinson, J. T., Thorvaldsdóttir, H., Winckler, W., Guttman, M., Lander, E. S., Getz, G., & Mesirov, J. P. (2011) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.1754 · Cited by 15,390
Self-citationThe Molecular Signatures Database Hallmark Gene Set Collection
Liberzon, A., Birger, C., Thorvaldsdóttir, H., Ghandi, M., Mesirov, J. P., & Tamayo, P. (2015) · Cell Systems · doi:10.1016/j.cels.2015.12.004 · Cited by 13,807
Self-citationInferring tumour purity and stromal and immune cell admixture from expression data
Yoshihara, K., Shahmoradgoli, M., Martínez, E., Vegesna, R., Kim, H., Torres-Garcia, W., Treviño, V., Shen, H., Laird, P. W., Levine, D. A., et al. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms3612 · Cited by 9,778
Self-citationIntegrative Genomics Viewer (IGV): high-performance genomics data visualization and exploration
Thorvaldsdottir, H., Robinson, J. T., & Mesirov, J. P. (2013) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/bbs017 · Cited by 9,049
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Verhaak, R. G. W., Hoadley, K. A., Purdom, E., Wang, V., Qi, Y., Wilkerson, M. D., Miller, C. R., Ding, L., Golub, T., Mesirov, J. P., Alexe, G., Lawrence, M., O'Kelly, M., Tamayo, P., Weir, B. A., Gabriel, S., Winckler, W., Gupta, S., Jakkula, L., Feiler, H. S., Hodgson, J. G., James, C. D., Sarkaria, J. N., Brennan, C., Kahn, A., Spellman, P. T., Wilson, R. K., Speed, T. P., Gray, J. W., Meyerson, M., Getz, G., Perou, C. M., & Hayes, D. N.
- Affiliations
- Broad Institute (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
- SRA International (United States) (US)
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Hayes, D. Neil
- ORCID
- Verhaak, Roel G.W.
- Hoadley, Katherine A.
- Purdom, Elizabeth
- Wang, Victoria
- Qi, Yuan
- Wilkerson, Matthew D.
- Miller, C. Ryan
- Ding, Li
- Golub, Todd
- Mesirov, Jill P.
- Lawrence, Michael
- Tamayo, Pablo
- Gabriel, Stacey
- Winckler, Wendy
- Gupta, Supriya
- Feiler, Heidi S.
- Hodgson, J. Graeme
- James, C. David
- Sarkaria, Jann N.
- Brennan, Cameron
- Spellman, Paul T.
- Wilson, Richard K.
- Speed, Terence P.
- Gray, Joe W.
- Meyerson, Matthew
- Getz, Gad
- Perou, Charles M.
- Hayes, D. Neil
- Venue
- Cancer Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-01
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 98-110
- ISSN
- 1535-6108 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2818769
- OpenAlex
- W2161289668
- Cited by
- 7,575
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 312 · 2025: 399 · 2024: 451 · 2023: 551 · 2022: 523 · 2021: 697 · 2020: 593 · 2019: 493 · 2018: 482 · 2017: 522 · 2016: 502 · 2015: 455 · 2014: 459 · 2013: 406 · 2012: 379
- FWCI
- 159.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cancer Cell (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy
- National Human Genome Research Institute (U54HG003067, U54HG003079, U54HG003273)
- National Cancer Institute (CA097257, L30 CA104183, U24CA126554, R01CA127716, CA108961, U24CA126546, U24CA126543, U24CA126563, U24CA126544, U24CA143867, U24CA143848, P50CA108961, U24CA126551, CA127716, P50 CA 58223, U24CA126561, P50CA058223, P50CA097257)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS049720, NS49720)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (F30ES019449)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR023248, K12RR023248, UL1RR024992)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research
- Keywords
- glioblastoma, molecular subtypes, proneural subtype, mesenchymal subtype, classical subtype, PDGFRA, IDH1, EGFR, neurofibromatosis type 1, somatic mutations, gene expression signatures, neural lineage, treatment response, molecular stratification
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Brain Neoplasms, DNA Mutational Analysis, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Glioblastoma, Humans, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase, Middle Aged, Mutation, Neurofibromatosis 1, Prognosis, Gene Expression, Gene Dosage, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha, Gene Expression Profiling, ErbB Receptors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
