The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Dynamics of Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Adult Humans
Open accessAbstract
Adult-born hippocampal neurons are important for cognitive plasticity in rodents. There is evidence for hippocampal neurogenesis in adult humans, although whether its extent is sufficient to have functional significance has been questioned. We have assessed the generation of hippocampal cells in humans by measuring the concentration of nuclear-bomb-test-derived ¹⁴C in genomic DNA, and we present an integrated model of the cell turnover dynamics. We found that a large subpopulation of hippocampal neurons constituting one-third of the neurons is subject to exchange. In adult humans, 700 new neurons are added in each hippocampus per day, corresponding to an annual turnover of 1.75% of the neurons within the renewing fraction, with a modest decline during aging. We conclude that neurons are generated throughout adulthood and that the rates are comparable in middle-aged humans and mice, suggesting that adult hippocampal neurogenesis may contribute to human brain function.
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“Interestingly, about 35% of the whole population of the dentate gyrus in humans undergoes replacement (Spalding et al., 2013), while in the mouse this fraction is limited to only 10% (Imayoshi et al., 2008).”
From Depression and adult neurogenesis: Positive effects of the antidepressant fluoxetine and of physical exercise (2018) · cites this paper as Spalding et al., 2013
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“neurogenesis in human displays a higher turnover than in rodents (Spalding et al., 2013;Imayoshi et al., 2008)”
From Depression and adult neurogenesis: Positive effects of the antidepressant fluoxetine and of physical exercise (2018) · cites this paper as Spalding et al., 2013
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Yet, in humans a post mortem study measuring the concentration of nuclear bomb test-derived 14 C in genomic DNA reported a daily number of 700 new neurons with a modest decline during aging (Spalding et al., 2013).”
From Serotonin and neuroplasticity – Links between molecular, functional and structural pathophysiology in depression (2017) · cites this paper as Spalding et al., 2013
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In the citing paper
“After a first evidence indicating that adult neurogenesis occurs also in humans in the dentate gyrus (Eriksson et al., 1998), more recent data show that in the human dentate gyrus neurogenesis takes place at a rate of about 700 neurons generated per day and that the production of new neurons decreases steadily with age (Spalding et al., 2013;Knoth et al., 2010;Mathews et al., 2017).”
From Depression and adult neurogenesis: Positive effects of the antidepressant fluoxetine and of physical exercise (2018) · cites this paper as Spalding et al., 2013
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In the citing paper
“Most of the post-mortem studies have now evidenced that in adult humans, new neurons continued to be generated with a modest decline during aging (Eriksson et al. 1998; Reif et al. 2006; Spalding et al. 2013).”
From Neurotrophic factors and neuroplasticity pathways in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression (2018) · cites this paper as Spalding et al. 2013
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In the citing paper
“It has now been established that exercise, even among minimal commitment exercise routines, has an array of robust effects on the brain, such as enhanced memory, mood, cognitive functioning, plasticity, and learning capabilities (Erickson et al., 2011; Spalding et al., 2013; Phillips et al., 2014).”
From Exercise-Mediated Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus via BDNF (2018) · cites this paper as Spalding et al., 2013
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“The ability to visualize newborn neurons is heavily dependent on tissue fixation procedures, experimental protocols, and subject selection, as previously described102, 104, 105.”
From Dysregulation of adult hippocampal neuroplasticity in major depression: Pathogenesis and therapeutic implications (2022) · cites this paper as [102]
In the citing paper
“However, our group and others have shown evidence of neurogenesis throughout adulthood using double immunofluorescence98-101, in situ hybridization102 and 14C decay-defined neuronal age103.”
From Dysregulation of adult hippocampal neuroplasticity in major depression: Pathogenesis and therapeutic implications (2022) · cites this paper as [102]
In the citing paper
“A novel variant of FACS, fluorescence activated nuclei sorting (FANS), has recently been used to bypass the incompatibility of neurons with whole-cell sorting.”
From Decoding neuroproteomics: integrating the genome, translatome and functional anatomy (2014) · cites this paper as [113]
In the citing paper
“purification of striatal nuclei by NEUN labelling has led to interesting observations of adult human neurogenesis in the hippocampus113”
From Decoding neuroproteomics: integrating the genome, translatome and functional anatomy (2014) · cites this paper as [113]
In the citing paper
“The subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) is one of the just two primary locations where neurogenesis is known to occur in the adult rodent and human brain (Spalding et al., 2013; Kempermann et al., 2015).”
From Aerobic Exercise as a Tool to Improve Hippocampal Plasticity and Function in Humans: Practical Implications for Mental Health Treatment (2016) · cites this paper as Spalding et al., 2013
In the citing paper
“In an elegant study based on the idea that replicating DNA in human neurons incorporate atmospheric 14 C radioactive carbon, Spalding et al (2013) showed increased 14 C levels in human hippocampal genomic DNA, indicative of postnatal neurogenesis, into at least the fifth decade of life (Spalding et al, 2013).”
From Microglia Priming with Aging and Stress (2017) · cites this paper as Spalding et al, 2013
In the citing paper
“New neurons were generated at a rate of 1.75% during adulthood with a modest but significant decline with old age.”
From Microglia Priming with Aging and Stress (2017) · cites this paper as Spalding et al, 2013
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Citations
Cites
A simple salting out procedure for extracting DNA from human nucleated cells
Miller, S. A., Dykes, D. D., & Polesky, H. F. (1988) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/16.3.1215 · Cited by 20,341
Neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus
Eriksson, P. S., Perfilieva, E., Björk-Eriksson, T., Alborn, A.-M., Nordborg, C., Peterson, D. A., & Gage, F. H. (1998) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/3305 · Cited by 6,369
Evidence for Cardiomyocyte Renewal in Humans
Bergmann, O., Bhardwaj, R. D., Bernard, S., Zdunek, S., Barnabé-Heider, F., Walsh, S., Zupicich, J., Alkass, K., Buchholz, B. A., Druid, H., et al. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1164680 · Cited by 3,130
Self-citationDynamics of fat cell turnover in humans
Spalding, K. L., Arner, E., Westermark, P. O., Bernard, S., Buchholz, B. A., Bergmann, O., Blomqvist, L., Hoffstedt, J., Näslund, E., Britton, T., et al. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06902 · Cited by 2,357
Self-citationA Functional Role for Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Spatial Pattern Separation
Clelland, C. D., Choi, M., Romberg, C., Clemenson, G. D., Fragniere, A., Tyers, P., Jessberger, S., Saksida, L. M., Barker, R. A., Gage, F. H., et al. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1173215 · Cited by 1,642
Increasing adult hippocampal neurogenesis is sufficient to improve pattern separation
Sahay, A., Scobie, K. N., Hill, A. S., O'Carroll, C. M., Kheirbek, M. A., Burghardt, N. S., Fenton, A. A., Dranovsky, A., & Hen, R. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09817 · Cited by 1,567
Enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated granule cells of the adult hippocampus
Schmidt-Hieber, C., Jonas, P., & Bischofberger, J. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02553 · Cited by 1,292
Unbiased stereological estimation of the number of neurons in the human hippocampus
West, M. J., & Gundersen, H. J. G. (1990) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902960102 · Cited by 1,153
Roles of continuous neurogenesis in the structural and functional integrity of the adult forebrain
Imayoshi, I., Sakamoto, M., Ohtsuka, T., Takao, K., Miyakawa, T., Yamaguchi, M., Mori, K., Ikeda, T., Itohara, S., & Kageyama, R. (2008) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2185 · Cited by 1,054
Kempermann, G., Gast, D., Kronenberg, G., Yamaguchi, M., & Gage, F. H. (2002) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.00203 · Cited by 1,003
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Evidence of adult neurogenesis in non-human primates and human
Yuan, T.-F., Li, J., Ding, F., & Arias-Carrion, O. (2014) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-014-1980-z · Cited by 26
Adolescent but not adult-born neurons are critical for susceptibility to chronic social defeat
Kirshenbaum, G. S., Lieberman, S. R., Briner, T. J., Leonardo, E. D., & Dranovsky, A. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00289 · Cited by 23
Mendez‐David, I., David, D. J., Deloménie, C., Tritschler, L., Beaulieu, J., Colle, R., Corruble, E., Gardier, A. M., & Hen, R. (2023) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.23568 · Cited by 15
Metadata
- Authors
- Spalding, K. L., Bergmann, O., Alkass, K., Bernard, S., Salehpour, M., Huttner, H. B., Boström, E., Westerlund, I., Vial, C., Buchholz, B. A., Possnert, G., Mash, D. C., Druid, H., & Frisén, J.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Lyon 1 Université (FR)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (US)
- University of Miami (US)
- Corresponding author
- Frisén, Jonas
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-06
- Volume
- 153
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1219-1227
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4394608
- OpenAlex
- W2136863044
- Cited by
- 1,841
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 54 · 2025: 92 · 2024: 94 · 2023: 99 · 2022: 131 · 2021: 157 · 2020: 169 · 2019: 166 · 2018: 190 · 2017: 180 · 2016: 166 · 2015: 161 · 2014: 135 · 2013: 45
- FWCI
- 62.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health
- U.S. Department of Energy
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Karolinska Institutet
- Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse
- Stockholms Läns Landsting
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Rättsmedicinalverket
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA031429, DA031429)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P41GM103483)
- National Center for Research Resources (P41RR013461)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- adult hippocampal neurogenesis, hippocampal neurons, cell turnover, cognitive plasticity, aging
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aging, Animals, Hippocampus, Humans, Models, Biological, Neurons, Mice, Radiometric Dating, Neurogenesis
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