Enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated granule cells of the adult hippocampus
Abstract
Neural stem cells in various regions of the vertebrate brain continuously generate neurons throughout life. In the mammalian hippocampus, a region important for spatial and episodic memory, thousands of new granule cells are produced per day, with the exact number depending on environmental conditions and physical exercise. The survival of these neurons is improved by learning and conversely learning may be promoted by neurogenesis. Although it has been suggested that newly generated neurons may have specific properties to facilitate learning, the cellular and synaptic mechanisms of plasticity in these neurons are largely unknown. Here we show that young granule cells in the adult hippocampus differ substantially from mature granule cells in both active and passive membrane properties. In young neurons, T-type Ca2+ channels can generate isolated Ca2+ spikes and boost fast Na+ action potentials, contributing to the induction of synaptic plasticity. Associative long-term potentiation can be induced more easily in young neurons than in mature neurons under identical conditions. Thus, newly generated neurons express unique mechanisms to facilitate synaptic plasticity, which may be important for the formation of new memories.
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Adult-generated granule neurons display enhanced synaptic plasticity with a lower threshold for LTP induction, which disappears as they reach full maturity.
“Adult-generated granule neurons also display other unusual electrophysiological properties that disappear as they reach full maturity, including enhanced synaptic plasticity with a lower threshold for LTP induction (Ge et al., 2007; Schmidt-Hieber et al., 2004).”
From Adult neurogenesis, glia, and the extracellular matrix (2019) · cites this paper as Schmidt-Hieber et al., 2004
An aberrant increase in the generation of newborn neurons enhances plasticity and excitability.
“In fact, an aberrant increase in the generation of newborn neurons was shown to enhance plasticity and excitability,32”
From Adult hippocampal neuroplasticity triggers susceptibility to recurrent depression (2017) · cites this paper as [32]
Immature granule cells have a lower threshold for long-term potentiation induction.
“Indeed, immature granule cells are particularly suited to participate in the learning process as they have a lower threshold for LTP induction (Schmidt-Hieber et al., 2004) and demonstrate enhanced LTP compared to surrounding mature granule cells (Lee S.W. et al., 2012).”
From Aerobic Exercise as a Tool to Improve Hippocampal Plasticity and Function in Humans: Practical Implications for Mental Health Treatment (2016) · cites this paper as Schmidt-Hieber et al., 2004
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- Authors
- Schmidt-Hieber, C., Jonas, P., & Bischofberger, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Bischofberger, Josef
- ORCID
- Bischofberger, Josef
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2004-04-25
- Volume
- 429
- Issue
- 6988
- Pages
- 184-187
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2063466545
- Cited by
- 1,292
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 60 · 2017: 69 · 2016: 71 · 2015: 74 · 2014: 66 · 2013: 71 · 2012: 79
- FWCI
- 14.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- FreiDok plus (Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- National Institutes of Health
- Fogarty International Center
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- adult hippocampal neurogenesis, granule cells, synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation, T-type calcium channels, calcium spikes, neuronal maturation, membrane properties, learning and memory
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Calcium, Cell Differentiation, Dendrites, Hippocampus, Male, Memory, Neuronal Plasticity, Sodium, Synapses, Cellular Senescence, Rats, Wistar, Long-Term Potentiation, Calcium Channels, T-Type, Rats, In Vitro Techniques
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