A Functional Role for Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Spatial Pattern Separation
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Neurogenesis and Spatial Memory: The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is one of two sites in the brain where new neurons are produced throughout life. Adult-born neurons integrate into the dentate gyrus circuitry and are thought to play a role in learning and memory. However, their contribution to hippocampal function remains unclear. Clelland et al. (p. 210 ) disrupted neurogenesis in mice and used two behavioral tasks to test for impairment in the formation of uncorrelated episodic memory representations. In one task, two arms were presented and the mice were rewarded for choosing the most recently visited arm in an earlier sequence; in the second task, animals were rewarded for choosing a certain location on a touch screen. Ablation of neurogenesis affected discrimination performance in both tasks but only when the arms or screen locations were close to one another. Neurogenesis is thus necessary for spatial pattern separation in the dentate gyrus.
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In adult rodents, newborn neurons have a critical period of 2-4 weeks of hyperexcitability when they are preferentially recruited during hippocampal-dependent tasks such as flexible learning, spatial memory, and pattern separation.
“Although unknown in humans, studies in adult rodents have demonstrated that new born neurons have a critical period (2-4 weeks) of hyperexcitability, when they are preferentially recruited during a wide variety of hippocampal-dependent tasks such as flexible learning113, 114, spatial memory115 and most notably pattern separation (the ability to separate similar but different memories or”
From Dysregulation of adult hippocampal neuroplasticity in major depression: Pathogenesis and therapeutic implications (2022) · cites this paper as [115]
New neurons participate in pattern separation, the process of making similar neural inputs distinct.
“Furthermore, new neurons, presumably through their unique electrophysiological properties and sparse connections to CA3 neurons (Amaral et al., 2007), have been found to participate in pattern separation (Clelland et al., 2009; Danielson et al., 2016; Sahay et al., 2011), the process of making similar neural inputs distinct.”
From Adult neurogenesis, glia, and the extracellular matrix (2019) · cites this paper as Clelland et al., 2009
Elimination or optogenetic silencing of adult-born neurons impairs pattern separation-like behaviors, while transgenic increases in adult neurogenesis enhance the ability of mice to distinguish between highly similar contexts.
“Elimination or optogenetic silencing of adult-born neurons impairs pattern separation-like behaviors (Clelland et al., 2009; Danielson et al., 2016), while transgenic increases in adult neurogenesis enhance the ability of mice to distinguish between highly similar contexts (Sahay et al., 2011).”
From Adult neurogenesis, glia, and the extracellular matrix (2019) · cites this paper as Clelland et al., 2009
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- [33]We thank M.J. Armstrong, S. and J.B. Aimone for useful input and discussions, M.L. Gage for editorial comments, and J. Simon for assistance with figures. This work was funded in part by the James S. McDonnell, Lookout and Mather's Foundations, Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, and the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NS-050217) (F.H.G.), and by generous donations from patients and families to the Huntington's and Parkinson's Disease Research Clinics at the BRC, University of Cambridge (R.A.B.). This work was also supported in part by MaxnetAging and NCCR Neural Plasticity and Repair (S.J.) and Marshall's and Jack Kent Cooke Foundation Scholarships (C.D.C.).
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- Authors
- Clelland, C. D., Choi, M., Romberg, C., Clemenson, G. D., Fragniere, A., Tyers, P., Jessberger, S., Saksida, L. M., Barker, R. A., Gage, F. H., & Bussey, T. J.
- Affiliations
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- ETH Zurich (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Barker, R. A.
- Gage, F. H.
- Bussey, T. J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2009-07-10
- Volume
- 325
- Issue
- 5937
- Pages
- 210-213
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC2997634
- OpenAlex
- W2051173215
- Cited by
- 1,642
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 44 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 68 · 2022: 93 · 2021: 105 · 2020: 106 · 2019: 87 · 2018: 95 · 2017: 124 · 2016: 106 · 2015: 127 · 2014: 131 · 2013: 120 · 2012: 101
- FWCI
- 32.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Scholarship@Western (Western University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS050217, NS050217)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- adult hippocampal neurogenesis, spatial pattern separation, dentate gyrus, spatial discrimination, radial maze, spatial memory, newborn neurons, hippocampal function
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cues, Discrimination Learning, Female, Hippocampus, Memory, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Neurons, Psychomotor Performance, Space Perception, Maze Learning, Dentate Gyrus, Mice, Neurogenesis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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