Cited by 1,065Genetic Associations and EpidemiologyImmune responses and vaccinationsImmune Response and Inflammation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Variation in the Human Immune System Is Largely Driven by Non-Heritable Influences

Open access

Brodin, Petter, Jojic, Vladimir, Gao, Tianxiang, Bhattacharya, Sanchita, Angel, Cesar J. Lopez, Furman, David, Shen-Orr, Shai, Dekker, Cornelia L., Swan, Gary E., Butte, Atul J., Maecker, Holden T., Davis, Mark M.·2015·Cell

DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2014.12.020PMC PMC4302727

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

There is considerable heterogeneity in immunological parameters between individuals, but its sources are largely unknown. To assess the relative contribution of heritable versus non-heritable factors, we have performed a systems-level analysis of 210 healthy twins between 8 and 82 years of age. We measured 204 different parameters, including cell population frequencies, cytokine responses, and serum proteins, and found that 77% of these are dominated (>50% of variance) and 58% almost completely determined (>80% of variance) by non-heritable influences. In addition, some of these parameters become more variable with age, suggesting the cumulative influence of environmental exposure. Similarly, the serological responses to seasonal influenza vaccination are also determined largely by non-heritable factors, likely due to repeated exposure to different strains. Lastly, in MZ twins discordant for cytomegalovirus infection, more than half of all parameters are affected. These results highlight the largely reactive and adaptive nature of the immune system in healthy individuals.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.cell.2014.12.020

Cites

49 of 49 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Sparse inverse covariance estimation with the graphical lasso
Friedman, J., Hastie, T., & Tibshirani, R. (2008) · Biostatistics · doi:10.1093/biostatistics/kxm045 · Cited by 6,355
Interactions Between the Microbiota and the Immune System
Hooper, L. V., Littman, D. R., & Macpherson, A. J. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1223490 · Cited by 4,173
Epigenetic differences arise during the lifetime of monozygotic twins
Fraga, M. F., Ballestar, E., Paz, M. F., Ropero, S., Setien, F., Ballestar, M. L., Heine-Suñer, D., Cigudosa, J. C., Urioste, M., Benitez, J., et al. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0500398102 · Cited by 3,602
An Immunomodulatory Molecule of Symbiotic Bacteria Directs Maturation of the Host Immune System
Mazmanian, S. K., Liu, C. H., Tzianabos, A. O., & Kasper, D. L. (2005) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.05.007 · Cited by 2,910
Genome-wide scan reveals association of psoriasis with IL-23 and NF-κB pathways
Nair, R. P., Duffin, K. C., Helms, C., Ding, J., Stuart, P. E., Goldgar, D. E., Gudjonsson, J. E., Li, Y., Tejasvi, T., Feng, B., et al. (2009) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.311 · Cited by 1,433
Broadly targeted human cytomegalovirus-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cells dominate the memory compartments of exposed subjects
Sylwester, A. W., Mitchell, B. L., Edgar, J. B., Taormina, C., Pelte, C., Ruchti, F., Sleath, P. R., Grabstein, K. H., Hosken, N. A., Kern, F., et al. (2005) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20050882 · Cited by 1,339 · cited 4×
“As an example, the lifelong need to control CMV seems to cause a broad shift in the magnitude and complexity of many cell subsets (Chidrawar et al., 2009; Wills et al., 2011), and 10% of all T cells in CMV+ individuals can be directed against this virus (Sylwester et al., 2005).”
BackgroundInfluential
Pyogenic Bacterial Infections in Humans with MyD88 Deficiency
von Bernuth, H., Pïcard, C., Jin, Z., Sranujit, R. P., Xiao, H. Q., Ku, C., Chrabieh, M., Ben‐Mustapha, I., Ghandil, P., Çamcıoğlu, Y., et al. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1158298 · Cited by 1,287
Systems biology approach predicts immunogenicity of the yellow fever vaccine in humans
Querec, T. D., Akondy, R. S., Lee, E. K., Cao, W., Nakaya, H. I., Teuwen, D. E., Pirani, A. M., Gernert, K. M., Deng, J., Marzolf, B., et al. (2008) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.1688 · Cited by 1,123
Molecular signatures of antibody responses derived from a systems biology study of five human vaccines
Li, S., Rouphael, N., Duraisingham, S., Romero‐Steiner, S., Presnell, S., Davis, C. W., Schmidt, D. S., Johnson, S. E., Milton, A., Rajam, G., et al. (2013) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.2789 · Cited by 772
Analytic approaches to twin data using structural equation models
Rijsdijk, F. V. (2002) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/3.2.119 · Cited by 761

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 48 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Francis, 1960, On the doctrine of original antigenic sin, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 104, 572
Jablonski, 1922, A contribution to theheredity of refraction in human eyes, Arch. Augenheilk, 91, 308

Sorted by citations

Items 601–700 of 898

The impact of human single nucleotide polymorphisms on Bacillus Calmette-Guérin responses
Messina, N. L., Netea, M. G., & Curtis, N. C. (2020) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.07.032 · Cited by 8
Obesity Is Associated with an Impaired Baseline Repertoire of Anti-Influenza Virus Antibodies
Alhadi, M. A., Friedman, L. M., Karlsson, E. A., Cohen-Lavi, L., Burkovitz, A., Schultz‐Cherry, S., Noah, T. L., Weir, S. S., Shulman, L. M., Beck, M. A., et al. (2023) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.00010-23 · Cited by 9
The cell menagerie: human immune profiling
Fessenden, M. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/525409a · Cited by 9
Nano-enabled Agriculture Can Sustain “Farm to Fork” Chain
Pandita, D. (2020) · Nanotechnology in the life sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-39978-8_3 · Cited by 9
CCL2 and IFN-γ serum levels as biomarkers for subclinical infection in household contacts of leprosy patients
Queiroz, E. A., Medeiros, N. I., de Mattos, R. T., Pinto, B. F., Carvalho, A. P. M., Dutra, W. O., Lana, F. C. F., Corrêa‐Oliveira, R., & Gomes, J. D. A. S. (2021) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104725 · Cited by 9
Cytomegalovirus Infection Is Associated With Increased Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection
van der Heijden, Y. F., Zhang, B., Chougnet, C. A., & Huaman, M. A. (2021) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofab539 · Cited by 9
Translational immunology: Applying fundamental discoveries to human health and autoimmune diseases
Buckner, J. H. (2023) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.202250197 · Cited by 11
Cytomegalovirus Serostatus Affects Autoreactive NK Cells and Outcomes of IL2-Based Immunotherapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Bernson, E., Hallner, A., Sander, F. E., Nicklasson, M., Nilsson, M. S., Christenson, K., Aydin, E., Liljeqvist, J., Brune, M. L., Foà, R., et al. (2018) · Cancer Immunology Research · doi:10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0711 · Cited by 9
Characterization of biological variation of peripheral blood immune cytome in an Indian cohort
Kanodia, P., Kaur, G., Coshic, P., Chatterjee, K., Neeman, T. M., George, A., Rath, S., Bal, V., & Prabhu, S. B. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51294-7 · Cited by 8
Uncertainty Quantification in Multivariate Mixed Models for Mass Cytometry DataPreprint
Seiler, C., Kronstad, L. M., Simpson, L. J., Gars, M. L., Vendrame, E., Blish, C. A., & Holmes, S. (2019) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1903.07976 · Cited by 9
Genetic profile of adaptive immune traits and relationships with parasite resistance and productivity in Scottish Blackface sheep
Pacheco, A., Conington, J., Corripio‐Miyar, Y., Frew, D., Banos, G., & McNeilly, T. N. (2023) · animal · doi:10.1016/j.animal.2023.101061 · Cited by 8
Systems analysis unravels a common rural-urban gradient in immunological profile, function, and metabolic dependencies
Manurung, M. D., Heieis, G. A., König, M. H., Azimi, S., Ndao, M., Veldhuizen, T., Hoving, D., Hoekstra, P. T., Kruize, Y. C. M., Wammes, L. J., et al. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adu0419 · Cited by 9
Towards early detection and disease interception of COPD across the lifespan
Faner, R., Cho, M. H., Koppelman, G. H., Melén, E., Verleden, S. E., Dharmage, S. C., Meiners, S., & Agustí, A. G. N. (2025) · European Respiratory Review · doi:10.1183/16000617.0243-2024 · Cited by 8
Genetic Susceptibility to Tuberculosis and the Utility of Polygenic Scores in Population Stratification
Dashian, M. A., Shipulin, G. A., & Deviatkin, A. A. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26199544 · Cited by 8
Immune development in early life
Palma, P., Färber, D. L., Konnikova, L., & Levy, O. (2026) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-026-02523-5 · Cited by 13
Why Was the Color Violet Rarely Used by Artists before the 1860s?
Tager, A. (2018) · Journal of Cognition and Culture · doi:10.1163/15685373-12340030 · Cited by 8
Low Memory T Cells Blood Counts and High Naïve Regulatory T Cells Percentage at Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis
Canto-Gomes, J., Silva, C. S., Rb-Silva, R., Boleixa, D., SILVA, A. C. F. D., Cheynier, R., Costa, P., González‐Suarez, I., Correia‐Neves, M., Cerqueira, J., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.901165 · Cited by 8
Leveraging Systems Immunology to Optimize Diagnosis and Treatment of Inborn Errors of Immunity
Mauracher, A. A., & Henrickson, S. E. (2022) · Frontiers in Systems Biology · doi:10.3389/fsysb.2022.910243 · Cited by 8
Distinct healthy and atopic canine gut microbiota is influenced by diet and antibiotics
Sinkko, H., Lehtimäki, J., Lohi, H., Ruokolainen, L., & Hielm-Björkman, A. K. (2023) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.221104 · Cited by 11
Serial Sampling of the Small Airway Epithelium to Identify Persistent Smoking-dysregulated Genes
Strulovici‐Barel, Y., Rostami, M. R., Kaner, R. J., Mezey, J. G., & Crystal, R. G. (2023) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.202204-0786oc · Cited by 8
Spatiotemporal-social association predicts immunological similarity in rewilded mice
Downie, A. E., Oyesola, O. O., Barre, R. S., Caudron, Q., Chen, Y.-H., Dennis, E. J., Garnier, R., Kiwanuka, K. N., Menezes, A., Navarrete, D. J., et al. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adh8310 · Cited by 10
Distinct disease-modifying therapies are associated with different blood immune cell profiles in people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Canto-Gomes, J., Boleixa, D., Teixeira, C., SILVA, A. C. F. D., González‐Suarez, I., Cerqueira, J., Correia‐Neves, M., & Nóbrega, C. (2024) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111826 · Cited by 8
Multimodal HLA-I genotype regulation by human cytomegalovirus US10 and resulting surface patterning
Gerke, C., Bauersfeld, L., Schirmeister, I., Mireisz, C. N., Oberhardt, V., Mery, L., Wu, D., Jürges, C., Spaapen, R. M., Mussolino, C., et al. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.85560 · Cited by 7
Epigenomics and Early Life Human Humoral Immunity: Novel Paradigms and Research Opportunities
Gutierrez, M. J., Niño, G., Hong, X., & Wang, X. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01766 · Cited by 9
Pharmacogenomics and Vaccine Development
Poland, G. A., Ovsyannikova, I. G., & Kennedy, R. B. (2021) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt.2288 · Cited by 8
Limited association between infections, autoimmune disease and genetic risk and immune activation in severe mental disorders
Werner, M. C. F., Wirgenes, K. V., Shadrin, A. A., Lunding, S. H., Rødevand, L. N., Hjell, G., Ormerod, M. B. E. G., Haram, M., Agartz, I., Djurovic, S., et al. (2022) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110511 · Cited by 10
Turnover of Murine Cytomegalovirus–Expanded CD8+ T Cells Is Similar to That of Memory Phenotype T Cells and Independent of the Magnitude of the Response
Baliu‐Piqué, M., Drylewicz, J., Zheng, X., Borkner, L., Swain, A. C., Otto, S. A., de Boer, R. J., Tesselaar, K., Čičin‐Šain, L., & Borghans, J. A. M. (2022) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.2100883 · Cited by 8
IL-10-Secreting CD8+ T Cells Specific for Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV): Generation, Maintenance and Phenotype
Jackson, S. E., Sedikides, G. X., Romashova, V., Okecha, G., Remmerswaal, E. B. M., Bemelman, F. J., Sinclair, J. H., & Wills, M. R. (2022) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens11121530 · Cited by 8
Stability of individual LPS-induced ex vivo cytokine release in a whole blood assay over a five-year interval
Spierenburg, E. A. J., Portengen, L., Smit, L. A. M., Krop, E. J. M., Hylkema, M. N., Rijkers, G. T., Heederik, D. J. J., & Wouters, I. M. (2018) · Journal of Immunological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jim.2018.06.018 · Cited by 8
HIV , HCMV and mycobacterial antibody levels: a cross‐sectional study in a rural Ugandan cohort
Stockdale, L. K., Nash, S., Nalwoga, A., Gibson, L., Painter, H., Raynes, J. G., Asiki, G., Newton, R., & Fletcher, H. A. (2018) · Tropical Medicine & International Health · doi:10.1111/tmi.13188 · Cited by 9
Modeling population heterogeneity from microbial communities to immune response in cells
Pecht, T., Aschenbrenner, A. C., Ulas, T., & Succurro, A. (2019) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-019-03378-w · Cited by 11
A Phase 2/3 double blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study in healthy adult participants in Vietnam to examine the safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated whole virion, alum adjuvanted, A(H5N1) influenza vaccine (IVACFLU-A/H5N1)
Dương, T. N., Thiểm, V. Đ., Anh, Đ. Đ., Cuong, N. P., Thang, T. C., Huong, V. M., Chien, V. C., Phuong, N. T. L., Montomoli, E., Holt, R., et al. (2019) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.11.059 · Cited by 8
A gammaherpesvirus licenses CD8 T cells to protect the host from pneumovirus-induced immunopathologies
Dourcy, M., Maquet, C., Dams, L., Gilliaux, G., Javaux, J., Desmecht, D. J.-M., Mack, M., Dewals, B. G., Machiels, B., & Gillet, L. (2020) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41385-020-0293-7 · Cited by 7
Partitioning the environmental drivers of immunocompetence
Jackson, J. A., Friberg, I. M., Hablützel, P. I., Masud, N., Stewart, A., Synnott, R., & Cable, J. (2020) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141152 · Cited by 10
Variation of Immune Cell Responses in Humans Reveals Sex-Specific Coordinated Signaling Across Cell Types
Fragiadakis, G. K., Bjornson, Z. B., Madhireddy, D., Sachs, K., Chen, H. M., McIlwain, D. R., Spitzer, M. H., Bendall, S. C., & Nolan, G. P. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.867016 · Cited by 10
Germline Genetics in Immuno-oncology: From Genome-Wide to Targeted Biomarker Strategies
Kirchhoff, T., & Ferguson, R. (2019) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9773-2_4 · Cited by 9
Predictive signatures of immune response to vaccination and implications of the immune setpoint remodeling
Ramos, I. (2025) · mSphere · doi:10.1128/msphere.00502-24 · Cited by 7
Understanding Heritable Variation Among Hosts in Infectious Diseases Through the Lens of Twin Studies
Smatti, M. K., Yassine, H. M., Mbarek, H., & Boomsma, D. I. (2025) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes16020177 · Cited by 9
BCG and beyond: unlocking new frontiers in TB vaccine development
Shaji, A., Verma, A., Bhaskar, A., & Dwivedi, V. P. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1608104 · Cited by 7
Dynamic immune ecosystem of dengue infection revealed by single-cell sequencing
Xu, G., Gao, Y., Pan, T., Li, S., Zhang, Y. P., Guo, J., Tian, Z., Xu, J., Li, Y., & Li, X. (2022) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.6ma0622-738rr · Cited by 7
Quantitative trait loci mapping provides insights into the genetic regulation of dendritic cell numbers in mouse tissues
Oliveira, T. Y., Merkenschlager, J., Eisenreich, T., Bortolatto, J., Yao, K.-H., Gatti, D. M., Churchill, G. A., Nussenzweig, M. C., & Breton, G. (2024) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114296 · Cited by 7
Bayesian networks in modeling leucocyte interplay following brain irradiation: A comprehensive framework
Pham, T.-N., Coupey, J., Thariat, J., & Valable, S. (2024) · Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2024.108421 · Cited by 7
MAIT cells in type 1 diabetes: a good friend turned bad
Petersone, L., & Walker, L. S. K. (2017) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.3869 · Cited by 7
In vivo systems biology approaches to chronic immune/inflammatory pathophysiology
Starchenko, A., & Lauffenburger, D. A. (2018) · Current Opinion in Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2018.02.006 · Cited by 8
Investigating the aetiology of adverse events following HPV vaccination with systems vaccinology
Campbell-Tofte, J., Vrahatis, A. G., Josefsen, K. E., Mehlsen, J., & Winther, K. (2018) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-018-2925-6 · Cited by 9
Infection History Determines Susceptibility to Unrelated Diseases
Rakebrandt, N., & Joller, N. (2019) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.201800191 · Cited by 8
Characterizing the T Cell Repertoire in the Proximal Airway in Health and Disease
Clark, E. A., Talatala, E. R. R., Ye, W., Davis, R. J., Collins, S. L., Hillel, A. T., Ramirez-Solano, M. A., Sheng, Q., Wanjalla, C. N., Mallal, S. A., et al. (2023) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.31088 · Cited by 7
Identification of intergenerational epigenetic inheritance by whole genome DNA methylation analysis in trios
Díez-Villanueva, A., Martín, B., Moratalla-Navarro, F., Morón-Duran, F. D., Galván‐Femenía, I., Obón‐Santacana, M., Carreras, A., de Cid, R., Peinado, M. A., & Moreno, V. R. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-48517-3 · Cited by 7
DAMP-ing IBD: Extinguish the Fire and Prevent Smoldering
Sandys, O., Stokkers, P. C. F., & Velde, A. A. T. (2024) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-024-08523-5 · Cited by 9
Integrated drivers of basal and acute immunity in diverse human populations
Souquette, A. H., Allen, E. K., Oshansky, C. M., Rampersaud, E., Walker, E. V., Tang, L., Wong, S., Jeevan, T., Shi, L., Pounds, S. B., et al. (2026) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102690 · Cited by 8
Individualized Transcriptional Resolution of Complicated Malaria in a Colombian Study
Rojas-Peña, M. L., Duan, M., Arafat, D., Rengifo, L. M., Herrera, S. V., Arévalo‐Herrera, M., & Gibson, G. C. (2018) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm8030029 · Cited by 7
Neutralizing Antibody Responses to Homologous and Heterologous H1 and H3 Influenza A Strains After Vaccination With Inactivated Trivalent Influenza Vaccine Vary With Age and Prior-year Vaccination
Wang, W., Qiong, C., Ford-Siltz, L. A., Katzelnick, L. C., Parra, G. I., Song, H. S., Vassell, R. A., & Weiss, C. D. (2018) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciy818 · Cited by 7
Systems-level patterns emerge
Brodin, P. (2019) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-018-0106-3 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Stressful Beginnings with Long-Term Consequences
Consiglio, C. R., & Brodin, P. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.021 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
Serum IgG Profiling of Toddlers Reveals a Subgroup with Elevated Seropositive Antibodies to Viruses Correlating with Increased Vaccine and Autoantigen Responses
Reto, P. P., Raj, P., Li, Q., Dozmorov, I. M., Karp, D. R., Wakeland, E. K., Nelson, M., Gruchalla, R. S., de la Morena, M. T., & van Oers, N. S. C. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1007/s10875-021-00993-w · Cited by 9
Circulating proteins associated with allergy development in infants—an exploratory analysis
Stockfelt, M., Hong, M., Hesselmar, B., Adlerberth, I., Wold, A. E., Schwenk, J. M., Lundell, A., & Rudin, A. (2021) · Clinical Proteomics · doi:10.1186/s12014-021-09318-w · Cited by 7
BCG scar, socioeconomic and nutritional status: a study of newborns in urban area of Makassar, Indonesia
Amaruddin, A. I., Wahyuni, S., Hamid, F., Chalid, M. T., Yazdanbakhsh, M., & Sartono, E. (2019) · Tropical Medicine & International Health · doi:10.1111/tmi.13232 · Cited by 7
Achieving symptom relief in patients with Myalgic encephalomyelitis by targeting the neuro-immune interface and inducing disease tolerancePreprint
Rodriguez, L., Pou, C., Lakshmikanth, T., Zhang, J., Mugabo, C. H., Wang, J., Mikeš, J., Olin, A., Chen, Y., Rorbach, J., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.02.20.958249 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
Multimodal memory T cell profiling identifies a reduction in a polyfunctional Th17 state associated with tuberculosis progressionPreprint
Nathan, A., Beynor, J. I., Baglaenko, Y., Suliman, S., Ishigaki, K., Asgari, S., Huang, C.-C., Luo, Y., Zhang, Z., Lopez, K., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.04.23.057828 · Cited by 7
Editorial: Role of Epigenetics in Autoimmune Diseases
Dolcino, M., Friso, S., Selmi, C. F., & Lunardi, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01284 · Cited by 7
Pathogens accelerate features of human aging: A review of molecular mechanisms
Proal, A. D., & VanElzakker, M. B. (2025) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2025.102865 · Cited by 7
Screening for next generation vaccines in human immune organoids
Chen, G., Smith, A. D., Lee, J., Kang, P., Siva, O., & Davis, M. M. (2025) · ImmunoHorizons · doi:10.1093/immhor/vlaf075 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Viruses responsible for acute respiratory infections before (2016–2019) and during (2021) circulation of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus in pediatric patients in a reference center at Barranquilla Colombia: A pattern analysis
Zarur‐Torralvo, S., Stand‐Niño, I., Flórez‐García, V., Mendoza, H., & Cardenas, E. P. V. (2022) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.28439 · Cited by 6
Effect of age and season on respiratory mucosal immune marker profiles
van Woudenbergh, E., van Rooijen, D. M., Wolf, J., Nicolaie, M. A., Huynen, M. A., van der Klis, F. R. M., de Jonge, M. I., & den Hartog, G. (2023) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2023.12.009 · Cited by 7
Heterogeneity of the human immune response to malaria infection and vaccination driven by latent cytomegalovirus infection
Mukhiya, R., Fleischmann, W. A., Loughland, J. R., Chan, J.-A., Rivera, F. D. L., Andrew, D. W., Beeson, J. G., McCarthy, J. S., Barber, B. E., López, J. A., et al. (2024) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105419 · Cited by 7
NKG2C Sequence Polymorphism Modulates the Expansion of Adaptive NK Cells in Response to Human CMV
Asenjo, J., Moraru, M., Al‐Akioui‐Sanz, K., Altadill, M., Muntasell, A., López‐Botet, M., & Vilches, C. (2024) · HLA · doi:10.1111/tan.15764 · Cited by 6
Altered baseline immunological state and impaired immune response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in lung transplant recipients
Hu, M., Oliveira, A. P. B. N., Fang, Z., Feng, Y., Miranda, M., Kowli, S., Arunachalam, P. S., Vasudevan, G., Hui, H. S.-Y., Grifoni, A., et al. (2025) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102050 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Helminth infections affect host immune responses to viral infections and vaccines
Diego, J. G.-B., Desai, P., Yeung, S. T., Damani‐Yokota, P., Khanna, K. M., Diamond, M. S., & Schotsaert, M. (2025) · FEMS Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1093/femsre/fuaf036 · Cited by 7
Virus-Induced Demyelination: The Case for Virus(es) in Multiple Sclerosis
Soldan, S., & Jacobson, S. (2016) · Neurotropic Viral Infections · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-33189-8_6 · Cited by 4
Immune stability predicts tuberculosis infection risk in a wild mammal
Seguel, M., Beechler, B. R., Coon, C. A. C., Snyder, P. W., Spaan, J. M., Jolles, A. E., & Ezenwa, V. O. (2019) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.1401 · Cited by 6
Cytomegalovirus and Your Health: Not a Matter of the Heart, Nor of Life and Death
Nikolich‐Žugich, J. (2020) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiaa481 · Cited by 4
Early‐life immune expression profiles predict later‐life health and fitness in a wild rodent
Wanelik, K. M., Begon, M. E., Bradley, J. E., Friberg, I. M., Taylor, C. H., Jackson, J. A., & Paterson, S. (2023) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/mec.16950 · Cited by 6
Épigénétique, principes et exemples d’applications
Dion, C., Laberthonnìère, C., & Magdinier, F. (2023) · La Revue de Médecine Interne · doi:10.1016/j.revmed.2023.06.011 · Cited by 6
Familial Aggregation and Heritability ofWuchereria bancroftiInfection
Chesnais, C. B., Sabbagh, A., Pion, S. D. S., Missamou, F., Garcia, A., & Boussinesq, M. (2016) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiw212 · Cited by 6
The Role of CMV in Immunosenescence
Müller, L., Hamprecht, K., & Pawelec, G. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-43365-3_4 · Cited by 6
The transcriptomic analytical level determines the human monocyte-derived macrophage response toward either the infectious agent or the host
Holzmüller, P., Nirdé, P., Vezilier, F., & Chuchana, P. (2016) · Infection Genetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2016.10.002 · Cited by 6
Human genomics of acute liver failure due to hepatitis B virus infection: An exome sequencing study in liver transplant recipients
Asgari, S., Chaturvedi, N., Šćepanović, P., Hammer, C., Semmo, N., Giostra, E., Müllhaupt, B., Angus, P., Thompson, A. J. V., Moradpour, D., et al. (2018) · Journal of Viral Hepatitis · doi:10.1111/jvh.13019 · Cited by 6
The Guangzhou Twin Eye Study: 2019 Update
Ding, X., Wang, W., Scheetz, J., & He, M. (2019) · Twin Research and Human Genetics · doi:10.1017/thg.2019.118 · Cited by 6
Achieving symptom relief in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis by targeting the neuro-immune interface and optimizing disease tolerance
Rodriguez, L., Pou, C., Lakshmikanth, T., Zhang, J., Mugabo, C. H., Wang, J., Mikeš, J., Olin, A., Chen, Y., Rorbach, J., et al. (2023) · Oxford Open Immunology · doi:10.1093/oxfimm/iqad003 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Twins and Twinning
Umstad, M. P., Calais‐Ferreira, L., Scurrah, K. J., Hall, J. G., & Craig, J. M. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812537-3.00014-7 · Cited by 6
Multihit Interactions of Antigens, Immune Responses, and Comorbidities in Cardiovascular Disease Pathogenesis
Feinstein, M. J. (2021) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.120.315569 · Cited by 6
Neurological symphony: post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, an innovative pathophysiological exploration from neuraltherapeutic medicine
Bustamante, C., Bonilla, L. B. P., & Restrepo, J. C. (2024) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2024.1417856 · Cited by 5
The effect of early life cytomegalovirus infection on the immune profile of children
Ekman, I., Schroderus, A., Vuorinen, T., Knip, M., Veijola, R., Toppari, J., Ilonen, J., Lempainen, J., & Kinnunen, T. T. (2024) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2024.110330 · Cited by 6
Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Induces Long‐Term Changes in the Cytokine Milieu of Kidney Transplant Recipients
Redondo, N., Valverde‐Manso, A., Ruiz‐Merlo, T., Rodríguez‐Góncer, I., Parra, P., López‐Medrano, F., González, E., Polanco, N., Juan, R. S., Andrés, A., et al. (2025) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.70178 · Cited by 4
Monozygotic twins with GATA2 deficiency: same haploidentical-related donor, different severity of GvHD
Shah, N. N., Parta, M., Baird, K., Rafei, H., Cole, K., Holland, S. M., & Hickstein, D. D. (2017) · Bone Marrow Transplantation · doi:10.1038/bmt.2017.180 · Cited by 5
Age-dependent cytokine surge in blood precedes cancer diagnosis
Chen, G., Mohsin, A., Zheng, H., Rosenberg‐Hasson, Y., Padilla, C., Sarin, K. Y., Dekker, C. L., Grant, P., Maecker, H. T., Lü, Y., et al. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2420502122 · Cited by 5
Self-citation
Longitudinally stable T cell function and innate immune activation distinguish healthy adult immunotypes
Smithmyer, M. E., Hu, A. K., Dufort, M. J., Hocking, A. M., WIEDEMAN, A. E., Fasano, K. J., Torgerson, T. R., Skene, P. J., Reading, J., Li, X., et al. (2025) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.adt4605 · Cited by 6
The heritable immune system
Cho, J. H. (2015) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.3256 · Cited by 5
Four-Parameter FluoroSpot Assay Reveals That the Varicella Zoster Virus Elicits a Robust Memory T Cell IL-10 Response throughout Childhood
Nilsson, A., Höbinger, A., Jahnmatz, P., Tiselius, E., Laestadius, Å., Melén, E., Björkander, S., & Saghafian‐Hedengren, S. (2022) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.01310-22 · Cited by 5
Changes in natural killer and T lymphocyte phenotypes in response to cardiovascular risk management
Good, E., Åkerman, L., Nyström, S. N., Jonasson, L., Ernerudh, J., & de Muinck, E. D. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-48111-7 · Cited by 5
Microliter Whole Blood Neutrophil Assay Preserving Physiological Lifespan and Functional Heterogeneity
Li, C., Hendrikse, N. W., Mai, M., Farooqui, M. A., Argall‐Knapp, Z., Kim, J. S., Wheat, E. A., & Juang, T. D. (2024) · Small Methods · doi:10.1002/smtd.202400373 · Cited by 5
Immunogenomic approaches to understand the function of immune disease variants
Glinos, D. A., Soskic, B., & Trynka, G. (2017) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/imm.12796 · Cited by 6
Germline genetic host factors as predictive biomarkers in immuno-oncology
Chat, V., Ferguson, R., & Kirchhoff, T. (2019) · Immuno-Oncology Technology · doi:10.1016/j.iotech.2019.08.001 · Cited by 6
Public Health in the Context of Environment and Housing
Chan, J. H. L., & Ma, C. C. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-2521-6_18 · Cited by 5
Whole transcriptome analysis of high and low IFN‐α producers reveals differential response patterns following rhinovirus stimulation
Murray, L., Thillaiyampalam, G., Xi, Y., Cristino, A. S., & Upham, J. W. (2021) · Clinical & Translational Immunology · doi:10.1002/cti2.1356 · Cited by 5
Heritability of plasma neopterin levels in the Old Order Amish
Raheja, U. K., Fuchs, D., Lowry, C. A., Stephens, S. H., Pavlovich, M. A., Mohyuddin, H., Yousufi, H., Ryan, K. A., O’Connell, J. R., Brenner, L. A., et al. (2017) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.02.016 · Cited by 5
Gene Expression Signatures Characterized by Longitudinal Stability and Interindividual Variability Delineate Baseline Phenotypic Groups with Distinct Responses to Immune Stimulation
Scheid, A. D., Keulen, V. P. V., Felts, S. J., Neier, S. C., Middha, S., Nair, A., Techentin, R. W., Gilbert, B. K., Jen, J., Neuhauser, C. M., et al. (2018) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1701099 · Cited by 5
Analysis of T cell receptor repertoire in monozygotic twins concordant and discordant for chronic hepatitis B infection
Jiang, Q., Liu, Y., Xu, B., Zheng, W., Xiang, X., Tang, X., Dong, H. F., Chen, Y., Wang, C., Deng, G., et al. (2018) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.043 · Cited by 5
Continuous Immune Cell Differentiation Inferred From Single-Cell Measurements Following Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chen, Y., Lakshmikanth, T., Olin, A., Mikeš, J., Remberger, M., & Brodin, P. (2018) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2018.00081 · Cited by 5
Self-citation
Characterising the genetic basis of immune response variation to identify causal mechanisms underlying disease susceptibility
Rotival, M. (2019) · HLA · doi:10.1111/tan.13598 · Cited by 7

Authors: Brodin, P., Jojic, V., Gao, T., Bhattacharya, S., Angel, C. J. L., Furman, D., Shen-Orr, S., Dekker, C. L., Swan, G. E., Butte, A. J., Maecker, H. T., & Davis, M. M.
Affiliations: Science for Life Laboratory (SE)
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
Stanford Medicine (US)
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (IL)
Lucile Packard Children's Hospital (US)
Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
Corresponding author: Davis, Mark M.
ORCID: Brodin, Petter
Bhattacharya, Sanchita
Angel, Cesar J. Lopez
Furman, David
Shen-Orr, Shai
Dekker, Cornelia L.
Swan, Gary E.
Butte, Atul J.
Maecker, Holden T.
Davis, Mark M.
Venue: Cell
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2015-01
Volume: 160
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 37-47
ISSN: 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.12.020
PMC: PMC4302727
OpenAlex: W1978297432
Cited by: 1,065
References: 48
Citations by year: 2026: 67 · 2025: 82 · 2024: 93 · 2023: 84 · 2022: 85 · 2021: 115 · 2020: 106 · 2019: 102 · 2018: 109 · 2017: 96 · 2016: 80 · 2015: 45
FWCI: 75.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 379 d)
Locations: Cell (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (UL1TR001085)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA011170, R01DA023063, DA011170, DA023063)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI090019, U19AI090019, U19AI057229)
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R21ES022153, ES022153)
National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR025744)
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
Keywords: monozygotic twins, cytokine response, serum proteins, environmental exposure, cytomegalovirus infection
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Blood Proteins, Child, Cytomegalovirus Infections, Humans, Immunity, Influenza Vaccines, Middle Aged, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic, Cytokines, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Variation in the Human Immune System Is Largely Driven by Non-Heritable Influences

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks