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Methotrexate Chemotherapy Induces Persistent Tri-glial Dysregulation that Underlies Chemotherapy-Related Cognitive Impairment
Open accessAbstract
Chemotherapy results in a frequent yet poorly understood syndrome of long-term neurological deficits. Neural precursor cell dysfunction and white matter dysfunction are thought to contribute to this debilitating syndrome. Here, we demonstrate persistent depletion of oligodendrocyte lineage cells in humans who received chemotherapy. Developing a mouse model of methotrexate chemotherapy-induced neurological dysfunction, we find a similar depletion of white matter OPCs, increased but incomplete OPC differentiation, and a persistent deficit in myelination. OPCs from chemotherapy-naive mice similarly exhibit increased differentiation when transplanted into the microenvironment of previously methotrexate-exposed brains, indicating an underlying microenvironmental perturbation. Methotrexate results in persistent activation of microglia and subsequent astrocyte activation that is dependent on inflammatory microglia. Microglial depletion normalizes oligodendroglial lineage dynamics, myelin microstructure, and cognitive behavior after methotrexate chemotherapy. These findings indicate that methotrexate chemotherapy exposure is associated with persistent tri-glial dysregulation and identify inflammatory microglia as a therapeutic target to abrogate chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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“Reactive microglia and brain-infiltrating macrophages impair mechanisms of cellular homeostasis and plasticity such as the ongoing generation of myelin-forming oligodendrocytes (Gibson et al., 2019), myelin plasticity (Geraghty et al., 2019), and new neuron generation in the hippocampus (Monje et al., 2002, 2003, 2007).”
From Mild respiratory COVID can cause multi-lineage neural cell and myelin dysregulation (2022) · cites this paper as Gibson et al., 2019
In the citing paper
“Microglia, brain-resident macrophages, become persistently reactive following exposure to certain chemotherapy drugs, after cranial radiation, or after systemic inflammatory challenge with low-dose lipopolysaccharide (Geraghty et al., 2019; Gibson et al., 2019; Monje et al., 2002, 2003, 2007).”
From Mild respiratory COVID can cause multi-lineage neural cell and myelin dysregulation (2022) · cites this paper as Gibson et al., 2019
In the citing paper
“A distinct subpopulation of microglia that reside in white matter (Hammond et al., 2019) are selectively activated by systemic insults such as exposure to the chemotherapy drug methotrexate (Gibson et al., 2019).”
From Mild respiratory COVID can cause multi-lineage neural cell and myelin dysregulation (2022) · cites this paper as Gibson et al., 2019
In the citing paper
“This complex cellular dysregulation is thought to contribute importantly to cognitive impairment, and anti-inflammatory strategies correct this multicellular dysregulation and rescue cognition in disease states such as those occurring after exposure to neurotoxic cancer therapies (Geraghty et al., 2019; Gibson et al., 2019; Monje et al., 2003) and in aging (Villeda et al., 2011).”
From Mild respiratory COVID can cause multi-lineage neural cell and myelin dysregulation (2022) · cites this paper as Gibson et al., 2019
In the citing paper
“This complex cellular dysregulation is thought to contribute importantly to cognitive impairment, and anti-inflammatory strategies correct this multicellular dysregulation and rescue cognition in disease states such as those occurring after exposure to neurotoxic cancer therapies (Geraghty et al., 2019; Gibson et al., 2019; Monje et al., 2003) and in aging (Villeda et al., 2011).”
From Mild respiratory COVID can cause multi-lineage neural cell and myelin dysregulation (2022) · cites this paper as Gibson et al., 2019
In the citing paper
“In contrast to methotrexate chemotherapy exposure (Geraghty et al., 2019; Gibson et al., 2019), changes in myelin sheath thickness relative to axon diameter (g ratio) were not conclusively identified in the remaining myelin sheaths after mild respiratory COVID (Figures S7C–S7F).”
From Mild respiratory COVID can cause multi-lineage neural cell and myelin dysregulation (2022) · cites this paper as Gibson et al., 2019
In the citing paper
“Such neuroinflammatory changes—particularly white-matter-selective/enriched microglial reactivity—are associated with impaired hippocampal neurogenesis, dysregulation of the oligodendroglial lineage, and myelin loss in other disease contexts (Geraghty et al., 2019; Gibson et al., 2019; Guttenplan et al., 2021; Liddelow et al., 2017; Monje et al., 2003; Villeda et al., 2011).”
From Mild respiratory COVID can cause multi-lineage neural cell and myelin dysregulation (2022) · cites this paper as Gibson et al., 2019
In the citing paper
“As occurs after cancer therapies and in other disease states, the microglial reactivity present after mild respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection may also induce neurotoxic astrocyte reactivity (Liddelow et al., 2017; Gibson et al., 2019; Guttenplan et al., 2021), as well as aberrant microglial pruning of synapses (Hinkle et al., 2019; Hosseini et al., 2018; Vasek et al., 2016).”
From Mild respiratory COVID can cause multi-lineage neural cell and myelin dysregulation (2022) · cites this paper as Gibson et al., 2019
In the citing paper
“While methotrexate directly stimulates reactivity of microglia (Gibson et al., 2019),”
From Mild respiratory COVID can cause multi-lineage neural cell and myelin dysregulation (2022) · cites this paper as Gibson et al., 2019
In the citing paper
“For example, microglial depletion strategies can restore similar multicellular deficits and rescue impaired cognitive performance in mouse models of CRCI (Acharya et al., 2016; Gibson et al., 2019),”
From Mild respiratory COVID can cause multi-lineage neural cell and myelin dysregulation (2022) · cites this paper as Gibson et al., 2019
In the citing paper
“Preclinical studies in disease models that share numerous features with the cellular dysregulation observed here after mild respiratory COVID have identified anti-inflammatory and neuro-regenerative strategies that restore neural plasticity and rescue cognition (Ayoub et al., 2020; Geraghty et al., 2019; Gibson et al., 2019; Monje et al., 2003; Villeda et al., 2011).”
From Mild respiratory COVID can cause multi-lineage neural cell and myelin dysregulation (2022) · cites this paper as Gibson et al., 2019
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gibson, E. M., Nagaraja, S., Ocampo, A., Tam, L. T., Wood, L. S., Pallegar, P. N., Greene, J. J., Geraghty, A. C., Goldstein, A. K., Ni, L., Woo, P. J., Barres, B. A., Liddelow, S., Vogel, H., & Monje, M.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- New York University (US)
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Monje, Michelle
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-01
- Volume
- 176
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 43-55.e13
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6329664
- OpenAlex
- W2903050755
- Cited by
- 372
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 65 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 28
- FWCI
- 22.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (RB4-06093, RN3-06510)
- Unravel Pediatric Cancer
- McKenna Claire Foundation
- Virginia and D.K. Ludwig Fund for Cancer Research
- National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS092597)
- Stanford Medical Scientist Training Program
- Stanford Neuroscience Institute
- Stanford Maternal and Child Health Research Institute
- Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Endowed Faculty Scholarship in Pediatric Cancer and Blood Diseases
- Stanford CTSA (UL1 RR025744)
- BioX Institute
- McCormick Fellowship
- Stanford MedScholars Program
- Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research
- Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Medical Research Foundation
- JPB Foundation
- Cure Alzheimer's Fund
- Glenn Foundation
- Esther B. O’Keeffe Charitable Foundation
- Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (GNT1052961)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- methotrexate, chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, myelination, microglial activation, astrocyte activation, neuroinflammation, cognitive behavior
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Cell Differentiation, Disease Models, Animal, Drug Therapy, Humans, Methotrexate, Myelin Sheath, Nerve Fibers, Myelinated, Neuroglia, Neurons, Oligodendroglia, Microglia, Cell Lineage, Mice, Neurogenesis, Cognitive Dysfunction, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, White Matter
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