The DOI matches its Crossref record; 57 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Robust T Cell Immunity in Convalescent Individuals with Asymptomatic or Mild COVID-19
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells will likely prove critical for long-term immune protection against COVID-19. Here, we systematically mapped the functional and phenotypic landscape of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses in unexposed individuals, exposed family members, and individuals with acute or convalescent COVID-19. Acute-phase SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells displayed a highly activated cytotoxic phenotype that correlated with various clinical markers of disease severity, whereas convalescent-phase SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were polyfunctional and displayed a stem-like memory phenotype. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were detectable in antibody-seronegative exposed family members and convalescent individuals with a history of asymptomatic and mild COVID-19. Our collective dataset shows that SARS-CoV-2 elicits broadly directed and functionally replete memory T cell responses, suggesting that natural exposure or infection may prevent recurrent episodes of severe COVID-19.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This cross-reactivity largely originates from previous exposure to circulating common cold coronaviruses [110-116].”
From Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition) (2021) · cites this paper as [113]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“lymphocytes from 20% to 50% of unexposed donors display significant reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 Ag peptide pools (Figure 6).”
From Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition) (2021) · cites this paper as [113]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“A vast majority of responding CD4+ and CD8+ T cells displayed an activated/cycling (CD38+ HLA-DR+ Ki67+ PD-1+) phenotype [113]”
From Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition) (2021) · cites this paper as [113]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“and SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells were detected in convalescent patients, even in exposed individuals who are seronegative.30, 31”
From Safety and immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 ARCoV mRNA vaccine in Chinese adults: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial (2022) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“Virus-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, including CD8+ memory T cells, are present in patients who have recovered from COVID-19 (refs44,45), but their importance in protection against future infection and/or severe disease remain uncertain44,46–48.”
From Immunological mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 in humans (2021) · cites this paper as [45]
In the citing paper
“By contrast, VAERD has not usually occurred if a TH1 cell-biased CD4+ T cell response is elicited, reflected by increased levels of interferon-γ (IFNγ), IL-2 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)44–46,49.”
From Immunological mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 in humans (2021) · cites this paper as [45]
In the citing paper
“Studies of acute and convalescent COVID-19 patients have observed that SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses are significantly associated with milder disease (Liao et al., 2020; Rydyznski Moderbacher et al., 2020; Sekine et al., 2020; Zhou et al., 2020b), suggesting that T cell responses may be important for control and resolution of a primary SARS-CoV-2 infection.”
From Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 (2021) · cites this paper as Sekine et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“Overall, circulating SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells are less consistently observed than CD4+ T cells (Grifoni et al., 2020; Rydyznski Moderbacher et al., 2020; Sekine et al., 2020).”
From Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 (2021) · cites this paper as Sekine et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“Last, there were initially great concerns about potential immune deviation to Th2 and immunopathogenesis (Peeples, 2020), but SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells from patients consistently do not have Th2 characteristics (Grifoni et al., 2020; Rydyznski Moderbacher et al., 2020; Sekine et al., 2020).”
From Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 (2021) · cites this paper as Sekine et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“CD4+ T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 are more prominent than CD8+ T cell responses (Grifoni et al., 2020; Sekine et al., 2020) and have been associated with control of primary SARS-CoV-2 infection (Rydyznski Moderbacher et al., 2020).”
From Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 (2021) · cites this paper as Sekine et al., 2020
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5 · Cited by 48,884
Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China
Guan, W.-J., Ni, Z.-Y., Hu, Y., Liang, W.-H., Ou, C.-Q., He, J.-X., Liu, L., Shan, H., Lei, C.-L., Hui, D. S. C., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2002032 · Cited by 30,246
Self-citationThe third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3).
Singer, M., Deutschman, C. S., Seymour, C. W., Shankar-Hari, M., Annane, D., Bauer, M., Bellomo, R., Bernard, G. R., Chiche, J.-D., Coopersmith, C. M., et al. (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0287 · Cited by 28,250
Wu, Z., & McGoogan, J. M. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.2648 · Cited by 17,016
Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19 — Final Report
Beigel, J. H., Tomashek, K. M., Dodd, L. E., Mehta, A. K., Zingman, B. S., Kalil, A. C., Hohmann, E., Chu, H. Y., Luetkemeyer, A., Kline, S., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2007764 · Cited by 7,267
Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019
Wölfel, R., Corman, V. M., Guggemos, W., Seilmaier, M., Zange, S., Müller, M. A., Niemeyer, D., Jones, T. C., Vollmar, P., Rothe, C., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2196-x · Cited by 6,661
Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19
He, X., Lau, E. H. Y., Wu, P., Deng, X., Wang, J., Hao, X., Lau, Y. C., Wong, J. Y., Guan, Y., Tan, X., et al. (2020) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0869-5 · Cited by 4,300
Grifoni, A., Weiskopf, D., Ramirez, S. I., Mateus, J., Dan, J. M., Moderbacher, C. R., Rawlings, S. A., Sutherland, A., Premkumar, L., Jadi, R. S., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.015 · Cited by 3,595
Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections
Long, Q.-X., Tang, X.-J., Shi, Q.-L., Li, Q., Deng, H.-J., Yuan, J., Hu, J.-L., Xu, W., Zhang, Y., Lv, F.-J., et al. (2020) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0965-6 · Cited by 2,686
Reynisson, B., Alvarez, B., Paul, S., Peters, B., & Nielsen, M. (2020) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkaa379 · Cited by 2,361
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Folegatti, P. M., Ewer, K. J., Aley, P. K., Angus, B., Becker, S., Belij-Rammerstorfer, S., Bellamy, D., Bibi, S., Bittaye, M., Clutterbuck, E. A., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31604-4 · Cited by 2,419
Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19
Sette, A., & Crotty, S. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.007 · Cited by 1,860
Rydyznski Moderbacher, C., Ramirez, S. I., Dan, J. M., Grifoni, A., Hastie, K. M., Weiskopf, D., Belanger, S., Abbott, R. K., Kim, C., Choi, J., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.038 · Cited by 1,790
Seow, J., Graham, C., Merrick, B., Acors, S., Pickering, S., Steel, K. J. A., Hemmings, O., O’Byrne, A., Kouphou, N., Galao, R. P., et al. (2020) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-020-00813-8 · Cited by 1,419
Peng, Y., Mentzer, A. J., Liu, G., Yao, X., Yin, Z., Dong, D., Dejnirattisai, W., Rostron, T., Supasa, P., Liu, C., et al. (2020) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-020-0782-6 · Cited by 1,179
Metadata
- Authors
- Sekine, T., Perez-Potti, A., Rivera-Ballesteros, O., Strålin, K., Gorin, J.-B., Olsson, A., Llewellyn-Lacey, S., Kamal, H., Bogdanovic, G., Muschiol, S., Wullimann, D. J., Kammann, T., Emgård, J., Parrot, T., Folkesson, E., Akber, M., Berglin, L., Bergsten, H., Brighenti, S., Brownlie, D., Butrym, M., Chambers, B., Chen, P., Jeannin, M. C., Grip, J., Gomez, A. C., Dillner, L., Lozano, I. D., Dzidic, M., Tullberg, M. F., Färnert, A., Glans, H., Haroun-Izquierdo, A., Henriksson, E., Hertwig, L., Kalsum, S., Kokkinou, E., Kvedaraite, E., Loreti, M., Lourda, M., Maleki, K., Malmberg, K.-J., Marquardt, N., Maucourant, C., Michaelsson, J., Mjösberg, J., Moll, K., Muva, J., Mårtensson, J., Nauclér, P., Norrby-Teglund, A., Medina, L. P., Persson, B., Radler, L., Ringqvist, E., Sandberg, J. T., Sohlberg, E., Soini, T., Svensson, M., Tynell, J., Varnaite, R., Kries, A. V., Unge, C., Rooyackers, O., Eriksson, L. I., Henter, J.-I., Sönnerborg, A., Allander, T., Albert, J., Nielsen, M., Klingström, J., Gredmark-Russ, S., Björkström, N. K., Sandberg, J. K., Price, D. A., Ljunggren, H.-G., Aleman, S., & Buggert, M.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
- National University of General San Martín (AR)
- University Hospital of Wales (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Buggert, Marcus
- ORCID
- Sekine, Takuya
- Strålin, Kristoffer
- Gorin, Jean-Baptiste
- Kamal, Habiba
- Wullimann, David J.
- Kammann, Tobias
- Parrot, Tiphaine
- Folkesson, Elin
- Bergsten, Helena
- Brighenti, Susanna
- Brownlie, Demi
- Butrym, Marta
- Chambers, Benedict
- Chen, Puran
- Grip, Jonathan
- Dillner, Lena
- Dzidic, Majda
- Färnert, Anna
- Glans, Hedvig
- Haroun-Izquierdo, Alvaro
- Hertwig, Laura
- Kalsum, Sadaf
- Kokkinou, Efthymia
- Kvedaraite, Egle
- Maleki, Kimia
- Malmberg, Karl-Johan
- Marquardt, Nicole
- Maucourant, Christopher
- Mjösberg, Jenny
- Mårtensson, Johan
- Nauclér, Pontus
- Ringqvist, Emma
- Sandberg, John Tyler
- Sohlberg, Ebba
- Soini, Tea
- Svensson, Mattias
- Tynell, Janne
- Rooyackers, Olav
- Henter, Jan-Inge
- Sönnerborg, Anders
- Albert, Jan
- Nielsen, Morten
- Klingström, Jonas
- Björkström, Niklas K.
- Sandberg, Johan K.
- Price, David A.
- Ljunggren, Hans-Gustaf
- Aleman, Soo
- Buggert, Marcus
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-10
- Volume
- 183
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 158-168.e14
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7427556
- OpenAlex
- W3048775784
- Cited by
- 1,788
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 50 · 2025: 97 · 2024: 150 · 2023: 221 · 2022: 424 · 2021: 624 · 2020: 220
- FWCI
- 48.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (acceptedVersion)
- RIUCAM (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Barncancerfonden
- Svenska Sällskapet för Medicinsk Forskning
- Jeanssons Stiftelser
- National Institutes of Health
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Karolinska Institutet
- Cancerfonden
- Åke Wiberg Stiftelse
- Magnus Bergvalls Stiftelse
- Stiftelsen Clas Groschinskys Minnesfond
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, T cell immunity, memory T cells, convalescent patients, asymptomatic infection, mild COVID-19, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, T cell polyfunctionality, family exposure, disease severity
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adult, Antibodies, Viral, Convalescence, Female, Humans, Immunologic Memory, Male, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Viral, T-Lymphocytes, Coronavirus Infections, Asymptomatic Infections, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
