γ-secretase modulators and presenilin 1 mutants act differently on presenilin/γ-secretase function to cleave Aβ42 and Aβ43
Open accessAbstract
Deciphering the mechanism by which the relative Aβ42(43) to total Aβ ratio is regulated is central to understanding Alzheimer disease (AD) etiology; however, the mechanisms underlying changes in the Aβ42(43) ratio caused by familial mutations and γ-secretase modulators (GSMs) are unclear. Here, we show in vitro and in living cells that presenilin (PS)/γ-secretase cleaves Aβ42 into Aβ38, and Aβ43 into Aβ40 or Aβ38. Approximately 40% of Aβ38 is derived from Aβ43. Aβ42(43) cleavage is involved in the regulation of the Aβ42(43) ratio in living cells. GSMs increase the cleavage of PS/γ-secretase-bound Aβ42 (increase k(cat)) and slow its dissociation from the enzyme (decrease k(b)), whereas PS1 mutants and inverse GSMs show the opposite effects. Therefore, we suggest a concept to describe the Aβ42(43) production process and propose how GSMs act, and we suggest that a loss of PS/γ-secretase function to cleave Aβ42(43) may initiate AD and might represent a therapeutic target.
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The mechanism of gamma-secretase modulators appears related to slowed dissociation of the epsilon-cleaved C99 fragment, increasing enzyme processivity and generating shorter Aβ fragments.
“The mechanism appears to be related to slowed dissociation of epsilon-cleaved C99 fragment thereby increasing enzyme processivity, leading to generation of shorter Aβ fragments (Okochi et al., 2013).”
From Alzheimer Disease: An Update on Pathobiology and Treatment Strategies (2019) · cites this paper as Okochi et al., 2013
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- Authors
- Okochi, M., Tagami, S., Yanagida, K., Takami, M., Kodama, T. S., Mori, K., Nakayama, T., Ihara, Y., & Takeda, M.
- Affiliations
- The University of Osaka (JP)
- Doshisha University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Okochi, Masayasu
- Venue
- Cell Reports
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-01
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 42-51
- ISSN
- 2211-1247 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2141242388
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 9
- FWCI
- 10.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institute of Biomedical Innovation (05-26)
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- γ-secretase modulators, presenilin 1, amyloid-beta 42, Aβ40, Alzheimer's disease, presenilin 1 mutations, enzyme kinetics, substrate dissociation
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Amino Acid Sequence, Cell Survival, Humans, Kinetics, Molecular Sequence Data, Peptides, Protein Binding, Substrate Specificity, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Mutant Proteins, Presenilin-1, Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases, HEK293 Cells, Proteolysis
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