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Serologic Profiles Aiding the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Gastrointestinal Dysmotility
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Background & aims Autoimmune gastrointestinal dysmotility is a limited autoimmune dysautonomia occurring idiopathically or in the context of an anatomically remote neoplasm, previously documented or unsuspected. Here we report 24 Mayo Clinic patients in whom the profile of serum autoantibodies aided this diagnosis. Methods All patients were ascertained serologically in the course of service evaluation for autoantibodies consistent with neurologic autoimmunity. Review of their histories, motility studies, and laboratory findings revealed that all had presented with subacute gastrointestinal dysmotility. Results Recorded motility abnormalities included esophageal dysmotility 8 (6 had achalasia), delayed gastric emptying 12, slow small intestinal transit 7, slow colonic transit 4, and pelvic floor dyssynergia 4. Four patients underwent abdominal surgery; 2 commenced total parenteral nutrition. Plasma membrane cation channel autoantibodies were detected in 23 patients: neuronal voltage-gated calcium channel (5 N-type and 1 P/Q-type), acetylcholine receptor (11 ganglionic-type and 4 muscle-type), and neuronal voltage-gated potassium channel autoantibodies (4). Two patients had antineuronal nuclear autoantibodies, type 1. Approximately half of the patients had neural autoantibodies (including skeletal muscle striational and glutamic acid decarboxylase, 65kd isoform) or other antibody markers of organ-specific autoimmunity (thyroid or gastric parietal cell specificities). Neoplasia was diagnosed in 11 patients (9 recent, 2 remote): lung, breast and endometrial, gastrointestinal and thymoma. Moderate to dramatic improvement in gastrointestinal symptoms was reported after immunotherapy in 4 of 4 patients treated and after pyridostigmine treatment in 2 of 2 patients treated. Conclusions Autoimmune serology aids the diagnosis of autoimmune gastrointestinal dysmotility, both paraneoplastic and idiopathic, and might guide management.
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“In cohorts of patients with idiopathic, paraneoplastic, or diabetic autonomic neuropathy and in idiopathic GI dysmotility, ganglionic receptor-binding antibody titers have correlated with more severe autonomic dysfunction (Dhamija et al., 2008; Pittock et al., 2011).”
From Autonomic nervous system and gastrointestinal manifestations with an emphasis on gastric dysfunction (2026) · cites this paper as Dhamija et al., 2008
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“Autoantibodies directed against specific neural antigens (including ion channels and ganglionic acetylcholine receptors) have been associated with esophageal dysmotility, slow-transit constipation, and chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction.”
From Autonomic nervous system and gastrointestinal manifestations with an emphasis on gastric dysfunction (2026) · cites this paper as Dhamija et al., 2008
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Nguyen, A., de BOYSSON, H., Fohlen, A., Yaméogo, S., & Aouba, A. (2019) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 2
Gromisch, C. M., Machado, M. A., Satyam, V. R., & Nunes, D. (2021) · ACG Case Reports Journal · doi:10.14309/crj.0000000000000636 · Cited by 2
Etiology and Clinical Presentation of Gastroparesis
Pace, L. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-28929-4_2 · Cited by 2
Does Graves’ Disease Affect Esophageal Motility?
Karaman, Ö. (2018) · Acta Endocrinologica (Bucharest) · doi:10.4183/aeb.2018.360 · Cited by 2
Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction and the Gastrointestinal Tract
Chedid, V. G., & Camilleri, M. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.65999-8 · Cited by 2
Clinical Characteristics of Autoimmune Gastroparesis and Response to Immunomodulation
Simons, M. L., Loesch, J., Hamza, E., Brown, J. T., Lembo, A. J., & Cline, M. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mcg.0000000000002254 · Cited by 1
Autonomic nervous system autoimmunity and proposed immunotherapies
Goodman, B. P. (2026) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90887-0.00026-2 · Cited by 1
Malignancy-associated Gastroparesis: The Current Understanding
Vaithiyam, V. S., Aneesh, P. S. R., Reddy, R. T., & Sachdeva, S. (2026) · Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s11938-026-00492-0 · Cited by 1
Autoantikörper gegen ganglionäre Azetylcholinrezeptoren und autoimmune autonome Gangliopathie
Seelig, H. P. (2009) · Nervenheilkunde · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1627153 · Cited by 1
Idiopathic esophageal achalasia: a study of etiology and profile of the patients
de Oliveira, G. C., Lopes, L. R., & Neto, J. D. S. C. (2010) · ABCD Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (São Paulo) · doi:10.1590/s0102-67202010000100004 · Cited by 1
[Autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy].
Nakane, S. (2019) · Rinshō shinkeigaku Clinical neurology · doi:10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001354
Gonzalez, Z., & McCallum, R. W. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818586-5.00020-x · Cited by 1
Sekhri, S., Massey, B. T., & Beniwal-Patel, P. M. (2022) · ACG Case Reports Journal · doi:10.14309/crj.0000000000000796 · Cited by 1
Disturbances of Gastrointestinal Motility and the Nervous System
Camilleri, M. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819306-8.00014-9 · Cited by 1
Ursini, F., Caio, G., Volta, U., Manfredini, R., & GIORGIO, R. D. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.65890-7 · Cited by 1
Autonomic nervous system and gastrointestinal manifestations with an emphasis on gastric dysfunction
Shouman, K., Camilleri, M., & Singer, W. (2026) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2026.103474
Gastric Motor Disorders: Gastroparesis and Dumping Syndrome
Saps, M., & Chogle, A. S. (2012) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-709-9_21
Gastroparesis from Other Causes
Dadabhai, A. S., & Fisher, R. S. (2011) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-552-1_19
14 Nutritional Management of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders
Okeke, F. C., & Roland, B. C. (2017) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781315100913-15
de Oliveira, G. C., Lopes, L. R., & Neto, J. D. S. C. (2010)
Metadata
- Authors
- Dhamija, R., Tan, K. M., Pittock, S. J., Foxx–Orenstein, A., Benarroch, E., & Lennon, V. A.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lennon, Vanda A.
- Venue
- Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-09
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 988-992
- ISSN
- 1542-3565 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2741093
- OpenAlex
- W2096265245
- Cited by
- 114
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 4.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK-68055, P01DK068055)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Autoimmune Neurological Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Peripheral Neuropathies and Disorders
- Keywords
- autoantibodies, acetylcholine receptor antibodies, glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies, achalasia, delayed gastric emptying, small intestinal transit, colonic transit, pelvic floor dyssynergia, paraneoplastic syndrome, esophageal motility, immunotherapy, pyridostigmine, thymoma
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Autoantibodies, Autoimmune Diseases, Autonomic Nervous System Diseases, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Gastric Emptying, Gastrointestinal Motility, Gastrointestinal Transit, Humans, Immunotherapy, Intestinal Diseases, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Serologic Tests, Esophageal Motility Disorders
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