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Cited by 151Cyberloafing and Workplace BehaviorJob Satisfaction and Organizational BehaviorEmployee Performance and Management

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 125 of the 128 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The impact of electronic monitoring on employees' job satisfaction, stress, performance, and counterproductive work behavior: A meta-analysis

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Siegel, Rudolf, König, Cornelius J., Lazar, Veronika·2022·Computers in Human Behavior Reports
DOI 10.1016/j.chbr.2022.100227
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Abstract

Organizations all around the world increasingly use electronic monitoring to collect information on employees’ working behavior. To investigate the effects of electronic monitoring on employees’ job satisfaction, stress, performance, and counterproductive work behavior (CWB), we collected data of 70 independent samples and 233 effect sizes for this meta-analysis. Results indicate that electronic monitoring slightly decreases job satisfaction, r = −0.10, and slightly increases stress, r = .11, supporting the notion that electronic monitoring negatively affects employees’ well-being and work attitudes. Moderator analyses suggest that performance targets and feedback may further exacerbate these negative effects on workers. Furthermore, maintaining and improving the performance of employees is an important justification of electronic monitoring. However, the current meta-analysis found no relationship between electronic monitoring and performance, r = −0.01, but a small positive relationship with CWB, r = 0.09. These results question the benefits of electronic monitoring for organizations. Thus, decision-makers in organizations should pay attention to what ends employees are monitored. Beyond that, the current meta-analysis shows that laboratory studies probably underestimate the relationship between monitoring and employees’ job satisfaction, stress, and performance in field studies. In addition, current research on the effects of electronic monitoring lacks the examination of processes why organizations implement electronic monitoring and how electronic monitoring and work design are related to each other.

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Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Kiziloğlu, 2018, A research on the relationship between workplace monitoring and job stress, Journal of Organizational Behavior Research, 3, 1
  2. McNall, 2009, Employee location sensing: Implications for security and privacy, Vol. 4, 481
  3. Tamuz, 1987, The impact of computer surveillance on air safety reporting, The Columbia Journal of World Business, 22, 69
  4. Wynne, 2018, Leadership, monitoring, trustworthiness, and deviance: A moderated-mediation model, Paper presented at the 33rd Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology

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Metadata

Authors
Siegel, R., König, C. J., & Lazar, V.
Affiliations
Saarland University (DE)
Corresponding author
Siegel, Rudolf
ORCID
Venue
Computers in Human Behavior Reports
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2022-12
Volume
8
Pages
100227
ISSN
2451-9588 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.chbr.2022.100227
OpenAlex
W4291163994
Cited by
121
References
128
Citations by year
2026: 45 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 4
FWCI
4.16
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Computers in Human Behavior Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Publications of the UdS (Saarland University) (cc-by)
Funders
  • Kowa Company
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
  • Universität des Saarlandes
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Cyberloafing and Workplace Behavior
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Employee Performance and Management
Keywords
electronic monitoring, job satisfaction, occupational stress, employee performance, counterproductive work behavior, employee well-being, performance goals, feedback, job design, workplace surveillance

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