The DOI matches its Crossref record; 125 of the 128 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The impact of electronic monitoring on employees' job satisfaction, stress, performance, and counterproductive work behavior: A meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Organizations all around the world increasingly use electronic monitoring to collect information on employees’ working behavior. To investigate the effects of electronic monitoring on employees’ job satisfaction, stress, performance, and counterproductive work behavior (CWB), we collected data of 70 independent samples and 233 effect sizes for this meta-analysis. Results indicate that electronic monitoring slightly decreases job satisfaction, r = −0.10, and slightly increases stress, r = .11, supporting the notion that electronic monitoring negatively affects employees’ well-being and work attitudes. Moderator analyses suggest that performance targets and feedback may further exacerbate these negative effects on workers. Furthermore, maintaining and improving the performance of employees is an important justification of electronic monitoring. However, the current meta-analysis found no relationship between electronic monitoring and performance, r = −0.01, but a small positive relationship with CWB, r = 0.09. These results question the benefits of electronic monitoring for organizations. Thus, decision-makers in organizations should pay attention to what ends employees are monitored. Beyond that, the current meta-analysis shows that laboratory studies probably underestimate the relationship between monitoring and employees’ job satisfaction, stress, and performance in field studies. In addition, current research on the effects of electronic monitoring lacks the examination of processes why organizations implement electronic monitoring and how electronic monitoring and work design are related to each other.
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Deng, H., Lu, Y., Fan, D., Liu, W., & Xia, Y. (2024) · New Technology Work and Employment · doi:10.1111/ntwe.12328 · Cited by 45
König, C. J. (2024) · Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-110622-060758 · Cited by 41
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Dark Personality Traits and Counterproductive Work Behavior: A PRISMA Systematic Review
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Metadata
- Authors
- Siegel, R., König, C. J., & Lazar, V.
- Affiliations
- Saarland University (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Siegel, Rudolf
- Venue
- Computers in Human Behavior Reports
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-12
- Volume
- 8
- Pages
- 100227
- ISSN
- 2451-9588 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4291163994
- Cited by
- 121
- References
- 128
- Citations by year
- 2026: 45 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 4
- FWCI
- 4.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Computers in Human Behavior Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Publications of the UdS (Saarland University) (cc-by)
- Funders
- Kowa Company
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Universität des Saarlandes
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Cyberloafing and Workplace Behavior
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Employee Performance and Management
- Keywords
- electronic monitoring, job satisfaction, occupational stress, employee performance, counterproductive work behavior, employee well-being, performance goals, feedback, job design, workplace surveillance
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