Pilot scale application of a method for the analysis of perfluorinated compounds in surface soils
Abstract
A growing number of studies now indicate that perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are globally distributed in the environment. Their widespread distribution and presence in remote locations has led to questions about the importance of atmospheric and oceanic transport. Describing their distribution in surface soils is also an essential but neglected element in developing a comprehensive understanding of their occurrence in the environment. Soils are the critical link between global atmospheric and hydrologic processes where both local and distant contaminants can accumulate and be released into aquatic and terrestrial communities. Because PFC concentrations in soils will influence ground and surface water, wildlife, and crops, methods to accurately measure PFCs in soil are clearly needed. To help answer this need, we developed a method for the analysis of nine perfluorinated carboxylic acids and four perfluorinated sulfonic acids in soil. Samples from six nations (n=10 per nation) were analyzed by LC-MS/MS to demonstrate the method performance parameters and to make preliminary observations about the occurrence of the PFCs in soils in different parts of the world. The resulting method shows acceptable performance characteristics for the target compounds in most soils while documenting the widespread occurrence of PFCs in surface soils.
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Strynar et al. (2012) measured concentrations of 13 PFAS in surface soil samples from 60 locations in 6 countries far from known PFAS-contamination sources.
“The potential importance of soil as a global reservoir for PFAS was first quantified by Strynar et al. (2012), who measured the concentrations of 13 PFAS in samples of surface soil collected from 60 locations in 6 countries.”
From PFAS concentrations in soils: Background levels versus contaminated sites (2020) · cites this paper as Strynar et al. (2012)
PFAS occurrence was widespread across the sample locations in Strynar et al. (2012).
“PFAS occurrence was widespread across the sample locations.”
From PFAS concentrations in soils: Background levels versus contaminated sites (2020) · cites this paper as Strynar et al. (2012)
Strynar et al. estimated global soil loadings of 1860 and >7000 metric tons of PFOA and PFOS, respectively.
“Strynar et al. estimated global soil loadings of 1860 and >7000 metric tons of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), respectively.”
From PFAS concentrations in soils: Background levels versus contaminated sites (2020) · cites this paper as Strynar et al. (2012)
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PFAS concentrations in soils: Background levels versus contaminated sites
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- Authors
- Strynar, M. J., Lindstrom, A. B., Nakayama, S. F., Egeghy, P. P., & Helfant, L. J.
- Affiliations
- Environmental Protection Agency (US)
- Corresponding author
- Strynar, Mark J.
- Venue
- Chemosphere
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-01
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 252-257
- ISSN
- 0045-6535 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2001316733
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Chemosphere (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- U.S. Department of Agriculture
- Office of Research and Development
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies
- Keywords
- perfluorinated compounds, perfluorinated carboxylic acids, perfluorinated sulfonic acids, topsoil, soil contamination, atmospheric transport, LC-MS/MS method validation, environmental occurrence
- MeSH terms
- Chromatography, Liquid, Environmental Monitoring, Fluorocarbons, Pilot Projects, Soil, Soil Pollutants, Tandem Mass Spectrometry
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