Collection of Airborne Fluorinated Organics and Analysis by Gas Chromatography/Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Martin, Jonathan W.; Muir, Derek C. G.; Moody, Cheryl A.; Ellis, David A.; Kwan, Wai Chi; Solomon, Keith R.; Mabury, Scott A.

doi:10.1021/ac015630d

Cited by 299Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances researchToxic Organic Pollutants ImpactMass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications

Collection of Airborne Fluorinated Organics and Analysis by Gas Chromatography/Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Martin, Jonathan W., Muir, Derek C. G., Moody, Cheryl A., Ellis, David A., Kwan, Wai Chi, Solomon, Keith R., Mabury, Scott A.·2002·Analytical Chemistry

DOI 10.1021/ac015630d

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Abstract

The ubiquitous detection of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in humans and animals has produced a need for sensitive and compound-specific analytical methods to determine the environmental distribution of fluorinated organic contaminants. A suite of potential PFOS precursors (sulfonamides) and fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) were separated by gas chromatography and detected by chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC/CI-MS). Full-scan spectra were collected in both positive and negative chemical ionization (PCI and NCI, respectively) mode to determine retention time windows and fragmentation patterns. In selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode, instrumental detection limits ranged from 0.2 to 20 pg for individual analytes, depending on ionization mode. PCI mode was preferred for routine analysis because of the simple mass spectra produced, typified by the presence of a major molecular ion [M + H]+. High-volume air samplers collected gaseous and particle-bound fluoroorganics on composite media consisting of XAD-2, polyurethane foam (PUF), and quartz-fiber filters. The combined collection efficiency for individual analytes was 87 to 136% in breakthrough experiments. Application of the method to the analysis of ambient air from urban and rural sites confirmed the presence of six novel fluorinated atmospheric contaminants at picogram per meter3 concentrations. Low concentrations of fluoroorganics were consistently detected in blanks (<4 pg m(-3)); however, this did not prevent confirmation or quantification of environmental concentrations.

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Hypothesis-driven targeted analytical approaches have had success in the past, but are historically slow and may not be feasible given over 5000 PFASs recognized today.
“Hypothesis-driven targeted analytical approaches have had success in the past [22], but this is historically a slow process and may not be feasible given over 5000 PFASs that are recognized today [23].”
From High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) methods for nontarget discovery and characterization of poly- and per-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in environmental and human samples (2019) · cites this paper as [22]

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Authors: Martin, J. W., Muir, D. C. G., Moody, C. A., Ellis, D. A., Kwan, W. C., Solomon, K. R., & Mabury, S. A.
Affiliations: University of Toronto (CA)
Corresponding author: Mabury, Scott A.
ORCID: Martin, Jonathan W.
Muir, Derek C. G.
Solomon, Keith R.
Mabury, Scott A.
Venue: Analytical Chemistry
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published: 2002-01-04
Volume: 74
Issue: 3
Pages: 584-590
ISSN: 0003-2700 (ISSN-L)
1520-6882
DOI: 10.1021/ac015630d
OpenAlex: W2057662606
Cited by: 299
References: 11
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 15.37
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Analytical Chemistry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Cancer Institute
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
Keywords: PFOS, sulfonamides, fluorotelomer alcohols, atmospheric aerosols, air sampling, XAD-2, polyurethane foam, quartz filters, positive chemical ionization, negative chemical ionization, selected ion monitoring, detection limit, breakthrough experiments, collection efficiency
MeSH terms: Air Pollutants, Alcohols, Environmental Monitoring, Fluorocarbons, Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Sulfonamides

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Collection of Airborne Fluorinated Organics and Analysis by Gas Chromatography/Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry

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