The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Observation of emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in Greenland marine mammals
Open accessAbstract
The present pilot study examined emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), i.e., a suite of short chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), PFAA precursors and replacement chemicals, and legacy PFASs (long chain length PFAAs) in livers from ringed seals, polar bears and, for the first time, killer whales from East Greenland collected in 2012-2013. Among the emerging PFASs, perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) and F-53B (a chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonic acid) were detected in Arctic wildlife, albeit at concentrations approximately four orders of magnitude lower compared to perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). PFOS was positively correlated with F-53B, but not PFBS in all three species. A total of 17 PFASs were detected in killer whales, including in a mother-fetus pair, demonstrating maternal transfer. ∑PFAS concentrations in killer whales (269 ± 90 ng/g) were comparable to concentrations found in ringed seals (138 ± 7 ng/g), however, an order of magnitude lower compared to concentrations found in polar bear livers (2336 ± 263 ng/g). Patterns of long chain PFAAs in killer whales differed from the pattern in ringed seals and polar bears. Of the monitored PFAA precursors, only perfluorooctanesulfonamide (FOSA) was detected in all three species, and FOSA/PFOS ratios and isomer patterns indicated that killer whales have a potential lower metabolic capacity to degrade FOSA compared to polar bears and ringed seals.
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“found the concentrations of PFBS and 6:2 Cl-PFESA were approximately four orders of magnitude lower than those of PFOS, and PFOS was positively correlated with 6:2 Cl-PFESA but not PFBS”
From Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the marine environment: An overview and prospects (2025) · cites this paper as Gebbink et al., 2016
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“the mean ΣPFAS concentration in killer whales (269 ng/ g dw) was comparable to that in ringed seals (138 ng/g dw) but was an order of magnitude lower than that in polar bear livers (2336 ng/g dw)”
From Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the marine environment: An overview and prospects (2025) · cites this paper as Gebbink et al., 2016
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In the citing paper
“With improved analytical techniques, some unknown compounds have been identified to be overlooked legacy or novel replacement PFASs.36−39”
From A Never-Ending Story of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)? (2017) · cites this paper as [37]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gebbink, W. A., Bossi, R., Rigét, F. F., Rosing-Asvid, A., Sonne, C., & Dietz, R.
- Affiliations
- Stockholm University (SE)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Gebbink, Wouter A.
- Venue
- Chemosphere
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-02
- Volume
- 144
- Pages
- 2384-2391
- ISSN
- 0045-6535 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2173828297
- Cited by
- 266
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 10.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- pure.au.dk
- Licence
- Locations
- Chemosphere (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Swedish Research Council Formas (219-2012-643)
- Danish Cooperation for Environment in the Arctic (DANCEA (MST-112-00171, MST-112-00199)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Keywords
- per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, emerging PFASs, PFBS, F-53B, PFOS, Orcinus orca, ringed seal, polar bear, Arctic marine mammals, liver tissue, maternal transfer, East Greenland
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Ursidae, Environmental Monitoring, Female, Fetus, Fluorocarbons, Greenland, Pilot Projects, Pregnancy, Sulfonamides, Alkanesulfonic Acids, Seals, Earless, Whale, Killer
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