Effects of inorganic ions and natural organic matter on the aggregation of nanoplastics
Abstract
The aggregation of nanoplastics (NPs) is a key issue in understanding the dynamic nature of NPs in the environment. The aggregation of NPs under various environmental conditions has not yet been studied. We investigated the influences of inorganic ions and natural organic matter (NOM) on polystyrene (PS) NPs aggregation in solutions. Results showed that PS NPs remained stable in wide ionic strength solutions of NaCl (1-100 mM) and CaCl 2 (0.1-15 mM), and only in low ionic strength FeCl 3 solutions (0.01 mM). However, obvious PS NPs aggregation was observed in FeCl 3 solutions with an increase in ionic strength (0.1 and 1 mM). Moreover, NOM had a negligible effect on PS NPs aggregation in all ionic strengths of NaCl and CaCl 2 solutions and in low ionic strength FeCl 3 solutions (0.01 mM). However, NOM reduced PS NPs aggregation in an intermediate ionic strength FeCl 3 (0.1 mM) solution and increased aggregation in a high ionic strength FeCl 3 (1 mM) solution. Based on the theoretical analysis of interaction forces among PS NPs, the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek force was a contributor governing PS NPs aggregation either in the absence or presence of NOM. In addition, other factors, including electrostatic heterogeneity of PS NPs surfaces, steric repulsion induced by NOM, and clusters formed via bridging effect in the presence of NOM also contributed to altered PS NPs aggregation under selected conditions. The PS NPs-NOM clusters were directly observed using a cryogenic scanning electron microscope.
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Heteroaggregates are porous, spongy or mesh-like structures where nanoplastic particles can be surrounded by organic and inorganic molecules forming a corona, and bridging effects lead to clusters.
“Heteroaggregates are porous, spongy or mesh-like structures where nanoplastic particles can be surrounded by organic and inorganic molecules forming a so-called corona, and bridging effects with ions and organic matter lead to the formation of clusters with nanoplastics and (other) organic and inorganic constituents.143,144”
From The fate of plastic in the ocean environment – a minireview (2021) · cites this paper as [143]
Most studies on nanoplastic aggregation and stability in aqueous environments were conducted with manufactured/engineered PS nanoparticles, which complicates extrapolation to other polymer types.
“Most studies on nanoplastic aggregation and stability in aqueous environments were conducted with manufactured/ engineered PS nanoparticles, 142-145 which complicates extrapolation of these results to other polymer types.”
From The fate of plastic in the ocean environment – a minireview (2021) · cites this paper as [143]
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- Authors
- Cai, L., Hu, L., Shi, H., Ye, J., Zhang, Y., & Kim, H.
- Affiliations
- Shanghai Science and Technology Museum (CN)
- East China Normal University (CN)
- Jeonbuk National University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Cai, Li
- Venue
- Chemosphere
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-04
- Volume
- 197
- Pages
- 142-151
- ISSN
- 0045-6535 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2783434360
- Cited by
- 263
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 8
- FWCI
- 9.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Chemosphere (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Nature Science Foundation of China (41601518, 41571467, 31600301)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Physical and Theoretical Chemistry › Electrostatics and Colloid Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Keywords
- nanoplastic aggregation, polystyrene nanoparticles, natural organic matter, inorganic ions, ionic strength, ferric chloride, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, DLVO forces, steric repulsion, nanoparticle clusters
- MeSH terms
- Ions, Osmolar Concentration, Polystyrenes, Nanostructures
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