The DOI matches its Crossref record; 116 of the 119 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Disposal of products and materials containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): A cyclical problem
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), highly stable and persistent chemicals used in numerous industrial applications and consumer goods, pose an exceptionally difficult challenge for disposal. Three approaches are currently available for PFAS wastes: landfilling, wastewater treatment and incineration. Each disposal approach can return either the original PFAS or their degradation products back to the environment, illustrating that the PFAS problem is cyclical. Landfilling and wastewater treatment do not destroy PFAS and simply move PFAS loads between sites. Consumer products and various materials discarded in landfills leach PFAS over time, and landfill leachate is commonly sent to wastewater treatment plants. From wastewater treatment plants, PFAS are carried over to sludge and effluent. Sewage sludge can be landfilled, incinerated, or applied on agricultural fields, and PFAS from treated sludge (biosolids) can contaminate soil, water, and crops. Incineration of PFAS-containing wastes can emit harmful air pollutants, such as fluorinated greenhouse gases and products of incomplete combustion, and some PFAS may remain in the incinerator ash. Volatile PFAS are emitted into the air from landfills and wastewater treatment plants, and research is urgently needed on the potential presence of PFAS compounds in air emissions from commercially run incinerators. Monitoring of waste streams for PFAS, stopping PFAS discharges into water, soil and air and protecting the health of fence-line communities close to the waste disposal sites are essential to mitigate the impacts of PFAS pollution on human health.
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In the citing paper
“Once PFAS enter an ecosystem, they integrate into soil, water, and air transport cycles due to a lack of both PFAS specific treatment and the high stability of PFAS in nature (Stoiber et al., 2020).”
From Review of emerging contaminants in green stormwater infrastructure: antibiotic resistance genes, microplastics, tire wear particles, PFAS, and temperature (2024) · cites this paper as Stoiber et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“However, none of these approaches result in the complete breakdown or degradation of PFAS, but only isolate or transfer them from one environmental matrix to another (Stoiber et al., 2020).”
From Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water and wastewater: A critical review of their global occurrence and distribution (2022) · cites this paper as Stoiber et al., 2020
Citations
Cites
Sunderland, E. M., Hu, X. C., Dassuncao, C., Tokranov, A. K., Wagner, C. C., & Allen, J. G. (2019) · Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology · doi:10.1038/s41370-018-0094-1 · Cited by 2,786
Landfill leachate treatment: Review and opportunity
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Hu, X. C., Andrews, D. Q., Lindstrom, A. B., Bruton, T. A., Schaider, L. A., Grandjean, P., Lohmann, R., Carignan, C. C., Blum, A., Balan, S. A., et al. (2016) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.6b00260 · Cited by 1,333
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Yu, Q., Zhang, R., Deng, S., Huang, J. G., & Yu, G. (2008) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2008.12.001 · Cited by 916
PFAS concentrations in soils: Background levels versus contaminated sites
Brusseau, M. L., Anderson, R. H., & Guo, B. (2020) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140017 · Cited by 817
Cui, J., Gao, P., & Deng, Y. (2020) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b05565 · Cited by 742
Scientific Basis for Managing PFAS as a Chemical Class
Kwiatkowski, C. F., Andrews, D. Q., Birnbaum, L. S., Bruton, T. A., DeWitt, J. C., Knappe, D. R. U., Maffini, M. V., Miller, M. F., Pelch, K. E., Reade, A., et al. (2020) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00255 · Cited by 721
Li, F., Duan, J., Tian, S., Ji, H., Zhu, Y., Wei, Z., & Zhao, D. (2020) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2019.122506 · Cited by 707
Fluorinated Compounds in U.S. Fast Food Packaging
Schaider, L. A., Balan, S. A., Blum, A., Andrews, D. Q., Strynar, M. J., Dickinson, M. E., Lunderberg, D. M., Lang, J. R., & Peaslee, G. F. (2017) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.6b00435 · Cited by 620
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Kurwadkar, S., Dane, J., Kanel, S. R., Nadagouda, M. N., Cawdrey, R. W., Ambade, B., Struckhoff, G. C., & Wilkin, R. (2022) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151003 · Cited by 937
Lenka, S. P., Kah, M., & Padhye, L. P. (2021) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2021.117187 · Cited by 755
Brase, R. A., Mullin, E. J., & Spink, D. C. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22030995 · Cited by 374
Meegoda, J. N., Kewalramani, J. A., Li, B., & Marsh, R. W. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17218117 · Cited by 256
A Review of PFAS Destruction Technologies
Meegoda, J. N., de Souza, B. B., Casarini, M. M., & Kewalramani, J. A. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192416397 · Cited by 247
Metadata
- Authors
- Stoiber, T., Evans, S., & Naidenko, O. V.
- Corresponding author
- Stoiber, Tasha
- Venue
- Chemosphere
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-12
- Volume
- 260
- Pages
- 127659
- ISSN
- 0045-6535 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3040892571
- Semantic Scholar
- b94ea804ba63b8fa30a51b843121cd84c1e42d4a
- Cited by
- 262
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 10.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Chemosphere (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Synthesis and properties of polymers
- Keywords
- per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, landfilling, wastewater treatment, incineration, sewage sludge, biosolids, landfill leachate, PFAS emissions, fluorinated gases, incinerator ash, environmental persistence, human health risk
- MeSH terms
- Air Pollutants, Construction Materials, Fluorocarbons, Humans, Refuse Disposal, Sewage, Soil, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Incineration, Wastewater, Waste Disposal Facilities
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