Cited by 262Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances researchToxic Organic Pollutants ImpactSynthesis and properties of polymers

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Disposal of products and materials containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): A cyclical problem

Stoiber, Tasha, Evans, Sydney, Naidenko, Olga V.·2020·Chemosphere

DOI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127659

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Abstract

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), highly stable and persistent chemicals used in numerous industrial applications and consumer goods, pose an exceptionally difficult challenge for disposal. Three approaches are currently available for PFAS wastes: landfilling, wastewater treatment and incineration. Each disposal approach can return either the original PFAS or their degradation products back to the environment, illustrating that the PFAS problem is cyclical. Landfilling and wastewater treatment do not destroy PFAS and simply move PFAS loads between sites. Consumer products and various materials discarded in landfills leach PFAS over time, and landfill leachate is commonly sent to wastewater treatment plants. From wastewater treatment plants, PFAS are carried over to sludge and effluent. Sewage sludge can be landfilled, incinerated, or applied on agricultural fields, and PFAS from treated sludge (biosolids) can contaminate soil, water, and crops. Incineration of PFAS-containing wastes can emit harmful air pollutants, such as fluorinated greenhouse gases and products of incomplete combustion, and some PFAS may remain in the incinerator ash. Volatile PFAS are emitted into the air from landfills and wastewater treatment plants, and research is urgently needed on the potential presence of PFAS compounds in air emissions from commercially run incinerators. Monitoring of waste streams for PFAS, stopping PFAS discharges into water, soil and air and protecting the health of fence-line communities close to the waste disposal sites are essential to mitigate the impacts of PFAS pollution on human health.

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Authors: Stoiber, T., Evans, S., & Naidenko, O. V.
Corresponding author: Stoiber, Tasha
ORCID: Stoiber, Tasha
Evans, Sydney
Naidenko, Olga V.
Venue: Chemosphere
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2020-12
Volume: 260
Pages: 127659
ISSN: 0045-6535 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127659
OpenAlex: W3040892571
Semantic Scholar: b94ea804ba63b8fa30a51b843121cd84c1e42d4a
Cited by: 262
References: 119
Citations by year: 2026: 37 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 1
FWCI: 10.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Chemosphere (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Synthesis and properties of polymers
Keywords: per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, landfilling, wastewater treatment, incineration, sewage sludge, biosolids, landfill leachate, PFAS emissions, fluorinated gases, incinerator ash, environmental persistence, human health risk
MeSH terms: Air Pollutants, Construction Materials, Fluorocarbons, Humans, Refuse Disposal, Sewage, Soil, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Incineration, Wastewater, Waste Disposal Facilities

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Disposal of products and materials containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): A cyclical problem

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