Priority perfluoroalkyl substances in surface waters - a snapshot survey from 22 developing countries
Open accessAbstract
The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) has established a global monitoring plan (GMP) to generate comparable data on the presence of POPs listed in the Stockholm Convention to identify changes in POPs concentrations over time and in regions. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been listed into the annexes of the Stockholm Convention in 2009 and 2019, namely perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), its salts and perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), its salts and PFOA-related compounds. Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) is recommended for listing in 2021. Surface water samples from 22 countries through the UNEP/Global Monitoring Plan 2 projects were collected from 2017 until 2019. 144 water samples from Africa (n=44), Asia-Pacific (n=60), and the Group of Latin America and Caribbean countries (GRULAC) (n=40) were analyzed using a ultra-performance liquid chromatograph coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS). The three PFAS were quantified in the range of 0.03 ng L-1 to 6.23 ng L-1 for ΣPFOS, 0.05 ng L-1 to 4.02 ng L-1 for PFOA and 0.03 ng L-1 to 3.51 ng L-1 for PFHxS. Variation between or within regions, time points, countries’ economy and population density was assessed. Statistically significant difference was found only for the PFOA concentration in the Asia Pacific region (11 countries) in comparison to Africa (seven countries) and GRULAC (five countries). Using the standardized sampling protocol for surface waters, these data may serve as a baseline for future monitoring activities and the starting point for trend assessment.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Recent data show that PFOA and PFOS concentrations in environmental media in China were relatively low compared to other industrialized nations in the region.
“Recent data on the distribution of PFOA and PFOS in China shows that the concentrations of both substances in environmental media were relatively low compared to those of other industrialized nations in the region (Baabish et al., 2021).”
From Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water and wastewater: A critical review of their global occurrence and distribution (2022) · cites this paper as Baabish et al., 2021
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Buck, R. C., Franklin, J., Berger, U., Conder, J. M., Cousins, I. T., de Voogt, P., Jensen, A. A., Kannan, K., Mabury, S. A., & van Leeuwen, S. P. (2011) · Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management · doi:10.1002/ieam.258 · Cited by 4,641 · see citing works
Sources, fate and transport of perfluorocarboxylates
Prevedouros, K., Cousins, I. T., Buck, R. C., & Korzeniowski, S. H. (2006) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es0512475 · Cited by 2,594 · see citing works
Organofluorine chemistry : principles and commercial applications
Banks, R. E., SMART, B. E., & Tatlow, J. C. (1994) · Springer eBooks · Cited by 1,105 · see citing works
Monitoring of Perfluorinated Compounds in Aquatic Biota: An Updated Review: PFCs in Aquatic Biota
Houde, M., De Silva, A. O., Muir, D. C. G., & Letcher, R. J. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es104326w · Cited by 847 · see citing works
A global survey of perfluorinated acids in oceans
Yamashita, N., Kannan, K., Taniyasu, S., Horii, Y., Petrick, G., & Gamo, T. (2005) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.04.026 · Cited by 639 · see citing works
Post, G. B., Cohn, P. D., & Cooper, K. R. (2012) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2012.03.007 · Cited by 639 · see citing works
Perfluorinated compounds in the Pearl River and Yangtze River of China
So, M. K., Miyake, Y., Yeung, W. Y., Ho, Y.-M., Taniyasu, S., Rostkowski, P., Yamashita, N., Zhou, B. S., Shi, X., Wang, J. X., et al. (2007) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.02.008 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Ahrens, L., Norström, K., Viktor, T., Cousins, A. P., & Josefsson, S. (2015) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.136 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Quinete, N., Wu, Q., Zhang, T., Yun, S. H., Moreira, I., & Kannan, K. (2009) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.07.079 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Senthilkumar, K. K., Ohi, E., Sajwan, K., Takasuga, T., & Kannan, K. (2007) · Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00128-007-9243-2 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
The Stockholm Convention: A Tool for the Global Regulation of Persistent Organic Pollutants
Fiedler, H., Kallenborn, R., de Boer, J., & Sydnes, L. K. (2019) · Chemistry International · doi:10.1515/ci-2019-0202 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Self-citationTaniyasu, S., Yamashita, N., Moon, H., Kwok, K. Y., Lam, P. K. S., Horii, Y., Petrick, G., & Kannan, K. (2013) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2013.02.005 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl acids in environmental waters in Vietnam
Duong, H. T., Kadokami, K., Shirasaka, H., Hidaka, R., Chau, H. T. C., Kong, L., Nguyen, T. Q., & Nguyen, T. T. (2015) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.11.023 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Sadia, M., Yeung, L. W. Y., & Fiedler, H. (2019) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113721 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationFiedler, H., Kennedy, T. A., & Henry, B. J. (2020) · Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management · doi:10.1002/ieam.4352 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationElectrochemical Fluorination and Its Applications
Alsmeyer, Y. W., Childs, W., Flynn, R. M., Moore, G. G. I., & Smeltzer, J. C. (1994) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1202-2_5 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Borg, D., & Håkansson, H. (2012) · Diva portal (Dalarna University Library) · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Bi-ennial Global Interlaboratory Assessment on Persistent Organic Pollutants – Fourth Round 2018
van der Veen, I., Fiedler, H., & de Boer, J. (2018) · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationBaabish, A. (2019) · Örebro University (Örebro University) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Kurwadkar, S., Dane, J., Kanel, S. R., Nadagouda, M. N., Cawdrey, R. W., Ambade, B., Struckhoff, G. C., & Wilkin, R. (2022) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151003 · Cited by 937 · see citing works
Occurrence and fate of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in urban waters of New Zealand
Lenka, S. P., Kah, M., & Padhye, L. P. (2022) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128257 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Zhang, L., Liang, J., & Gao, A. (2023) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137748 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
- Authors
- Baabish, A., Sobhanei, S., & Fiedler, H.
- Affiliations
- Örebro University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Fiedler, Heidelore
- Venue
- Chemosphere
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-06
- Volume
- 273
- Pages
- 129612
- ISSN
- 0045-6535 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3122442381
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 5
- FWCI
- 4.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Chemosphere (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Global Environment Facility
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
- Keywords
- perfluorinated compounds, PFOS, perfluorooctanoic acid, PFHxS, surface water contamination, Stockholm Convention, persistent organic pollutants, developing countries, Asia-Pacific region, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean
- MeSH terms
- Africa, Asia, Caprylates, Chromatography, Liquid, Developing Countries, Fluorocarbons, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Alkanesulfonic Acids, Tandem Mass Spectrometry
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
