The DOI matches its Crossref record; 226 of the 237 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Fourth generation biofuel from genetically modified algal biomass: Challenges and future directions.
Abstract
Genetic engineering applications in the field of biofuel are rapidly expanding due to their potential to boost biomass productivity while lowering its cost and enhancing its quality. Recently, fourth-generation biofuel (FGB), which is biofuel obtained from genetically modified (GM) algae biomass, has gained considerable attention from academic and industrial communities. However, replacing fossil resources with FGB is still beset with many challenges. Most notably, technical aspects of genetic modification operations need to be more fully articulated and elaborated. However, relatively little attention has been paid to GM algal biomass. There is a limited number of reviews on the progress and challenges faced in the algal genetics of FGB. Therefore, the present review aims to fill this gap in the literature by recapitulating the findings of recent studies and achievements on safe and efficient genetic manipulation in the production of FGB. Then, the essential issues and parameters related to genome editing in algal strains are highlighted. Finally, the main challenges to FGB pertaining to the diffusion risk and regulatory frameworks are addressed. This review concluded that the technical and biosafety aspects of FGB, as well as the complexity and diversity of the related regulations, legitimacy concerns, and health and environmental risks, are among the most important challenges that require a strong commitment at the national/international levels to reach a global consensus.
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“Additional biocontainment methods can be directly based on genetic changes inside the production cells such as auxotrophies or kill switches, significantly decreasing the risk of genetically modified organism (GMO) escape [44,81].”
From The potential of biofuels from first to fourth generation (2023) · cites this paper as [81]
In the citing paper
“For example, genetically modified microalgae exhibit heightened productivity, environmental tolerance, and resistance to insects [22].”
From A Holistic Approach to Circular Bioeconomy Through the Sustainable Utilization of Microalgal Biomass for Biofuel and Other Value-Added Products (2024) · cites this paper as [22]
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Cited by
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Biomass Energy and Biofuels: Perspective, Potentials, and Challenges in the Energy Transition
Mignogna, D., Szabó, M., Ceci, P., & Avino, P. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16167036 · Cited by 248
New trends on crude glycerol purification: A review
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The potential of biofuels from first to fourth generation
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Metadata
- Authors
- Shokravi, H., Shokravi, Z., Heidarrezaei, M., Ong, H. C., Rahimian Koloor, S. S., Petrů, M., Lau, W. J., & Ismail, A. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Technology Malaysia (MY)
- Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch (IR)
- University of Technology Sydney (AU)
- Technical University of Liberec (CZ)
- Corresponding author
- Ong, Hwai Chyuan
- ORCID
- Venue
- Chemosphere
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-12
- Volume
- 285
- Pages
- 131535
- ISSN
- 0045-6535 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3181545766
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 237
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 6
- FWCI
- 1.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Chemosphere (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Genetically Modified Organisms Research
- Keywords
- fourth-generation biofuels, genetically modified algae, algal biomass, genome editing, biosafety, risk assessment, biofuel regulation, environmental risk
- MeSH terms
- Genetic Engineering, Plants, Biomass, Biofuels, Microalgae
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